Testicular Cancer

Question 1

what system in the body is testicular cancer most likely to spread to

Answer 1

Lymphatic system

Question 2

which lymph node region is testicular cancer likely to spread to

Answer 2

Para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 3

Testicular tumour markers

Answer 3

AFP, Beta-hCG, LDH

Question 4

Initial choice of imaging for testicular cancer

Answer 4

Testicular USS

Question 5

2 testicular cancer subtypes

Answer 5

1. Seminomas
2. Non-Seminomatous (teratoma)

Question 6

which tumour markers is most commonly elevated in non-seminomas (teratomas)?

Answer 6

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Question 7

what cells does testicular cancer arise from

Answer 7

Germ cells

Question 8

Testicular cancer staging system

Answer 8

The Royal Marsden staging

Question 9

The Royal Marsden stages

Answer 9

Stage 1 – isolated to the testicle
Stage 2 – spread to the retroperitoneal LNs
Stage 3 – spread to the lymph nodes above the diaphragm
Stage 4 – metastasised to other organs

Question 10

gynaecomastia Sx is a presentation of which testicular cancer

Answer 10

Leydig cell tumour

Question 11

which testicular tumour causes a rise in Beta-hCG

Answer 11

Both - seminomas / teratomas

Question 12

Comments on the specificity of LDH as a tumour marker

Answer 12

non-specific tumour marker

Question 13

which type of testicular cancer has a better prognosis

Answer 13

Seminomas > Teratomas