Testing and laboratory procedures module Flashcards
1
Q
random urine sample
A
- the patient urinates in a clean, non sterile container
- this specimen is used for screening purposes
2
Q
first morning specimen urine sample
A
- the patient collects the first specimen of the morning in a clean container
- this specimen is more concentrated and used for pregnancy testing or when other analytes (protein, nitrites) need to be evaluated
3
Q
clean-catch midstream urine sample
A
- the patient performs perineal cleaning using moist wipes, begins to urinate, and then collects the specimen midstream in a sterile urine container
- used for cultures or when a non contaminated specimen is desired
4
Q
24 hour urine sample
A
- uses a container with preservatives
- patient discards the first morning specimen and collects all specimens for the next 24 hours, including the first void of the second day
- this type of collection is important in quantitative analysis of components such as protein when analyzing kidney function
5
Q
catheterized collection urine sample
A
- used when a sterile urine sample is needed or if patients are unable to provide a specimen on their own
- involves insertion of a sterile tube (catheter) through the urethra into the bladder
- procedure is performed by provider or nurse, with the medical assistant prepping the patient and assisting
6
Q
What is a fecal occult blood test?
A
- testing a stool specimen collection to screen for the presence of blood
- can indicate a disease process or gastrointestinal bleeding
- blue color indicates positive result
7
Q
What is a tape test?
A
- used to detect pinworms
- typically affects small children
- provide parents with a slide with a piece of tape on it
- tape is placed over the child’s anus before getting up in the morning and then back on the slide, which is brought to the provider for analysis
8
Q
What is O&P testing?
A
- ova and parasite testing
- detects presence of parasites and their eggs
9
Q
What is important for a patient conducting a sputum collection?
A
- produce a deep, productive cough
- produces a specimen from deep within the lungs rather than saliva from the mouth
- best collected early in the morning before eating or drinking
- patients should avoid mouthwashes prior to the sputum collection
10
Q
What are some reminders for specimen collections for cultures?
A
- collect the specimen at the appropriate time
- collect the specimen from the site of suspected infection
- minimize transport from time to a reference lab
- collect the appropriate quantity
- use the appropriate containers and label them accordingly
11
Q
CLIA waived testing
A
- clinical laboratories improvement amendments waived testing
- the simplest form of laboratory procedures
12
Q
pregnancy testing
A
- urine is screened for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) antibodies
13
Q
rapid streptococcus testing
A
- throat swabs are obtained to screen for Group A streptococcus
14
Q
dipstick, tablet, or multi-stick urinalysis
A
- a screening tool for analytes that are excreted in the urine
15
Q
hemoglobin testing
A
- a machine is used to screen for the oxygen-carrying protein in whole blood, performed using capillary blood from a fingerstick (capillary puncture)
16
Q
spun hematocrit
A
- fingerstick collection of blood in microcapillary tubes is centrifuged and evaluated for the percentage of red blood cells
17
Q
blood glucose testing
A
- whole blood is analyzed in a glucometer for a quantitative glucose level and is a screening test for diabetes, performed using capillary blood from a finger stick
18
Q
hemoglobin A1c
A
- capillary blood test shows diabetes control over an approximate 3 month period
19
Q
cholesterol testing
A
- lipids are evaluated using capillary blood
20
Q
helicobacter pylori
A
- a blood sample screens for H. pylori, which is the main cause of gastric ulcers
21
Q
mononucleosis screening
A
- this screening tool tests for the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in capillary blood
22
Q
nasal smear for influenza types A and B
A
- this screening is a qualitative test for influenza antigens using a swab that is inserted into the nostril
23
Q
drug testing
A
- substances can be detected in urine and blood samples
24
Q
moderate- and high-complexity testing
A
- considered non waived
- labs performing these tests must have a CLIA certificate and undergo inspections to ensure standards are being met
- tests are typically performed in a reference or hospital laboratory
25
COLA testing
- the commission on office laboratory accreditation is an independent accreditor for laboratories
- focuses on meeting CLIA regulations with a goal of providing the best care to the patient
26
quality assurance
- comprehensive and relates to policies and procedures that must be implemented for reliability of test results
27
quality control
- included in quality assurance but is more specific
- related to test reliability and accuracy while attempting to uncover errors and eliminate them
28
what are nine examples of information found in demographics?
- patient name
- address
- date of birth
- sex
- telephone number
- insurance information
- provider information
- diagnosis or indications for testing
- order date
29
what is a testing panel?
- a group of tests that are connected to one particular body system; profile
30
what is a chain of custody and when would you use it?
- a series of processes and procedures used to ensure security and accuracy
- when collecting and handling specimens for drug testing for employment or a court subpoena
31
what is a critical value?
- a laboratory result that is outside of the established reference range and presents potential health risks to a patient
32
hyperopia
- difficulty seeing things up close
- farsightedness
33
myopia
- difficulty seeing things far away
- nearsightedness
34
presbyopia
- a gradual, age-related loss of the eyes' ability to focus actively on nearby objects
35
when would you use an ishihara book?
- testing for color blindness
36
tympanometry
- the process of recording the movement of the tympanic membrane through pressure variances in the external ear canal
37
audiometry
- the process of testing hearing
38
where are tuning forks placed?
- on the top of the head or on the mastoid process
39
radioallergosorbent (RAST) testing
- a blood test used to detect antibodies associated with allergens
40
peak flow testing
- spirometry/pulmonary function test
- measures forced expiratory volume which indicates the effectiveness of airflow out of the lungs
- patient forcefully blows out of their mouth, medical assistant records the number where the marker is located at the end of the test
- repeat the test two to three times and record the results
41
spirometry testing
- automated test that produces a graphic result
- test conducted similarly to peak flow test
- patients require additional pretest preparation; no large meals 2 hrs before the test, no smoking 1 hr before the test, and discontinuing the use of bronchodilators or other breathing therapies (inhalers, nebulizers) for at least 6 hrs before the test
