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Chem Me > Tests + Synthetic Routes > Flashcards

Tests + Synthetic Routes Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Test for Alkenes

A

Add bromine water

Orange to colourless if positive

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2
Q

Test for Haloalkanes

A

Add silver nitrate
Chloroalkane - white
Bromoalkane - cream
Iodoalkane - Yellow

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3
Q

Test for Phenols

A

Add sodium hydroxide to test for acid
solid dissolves and colourless sodium salt forms

Add sodium carbonate to test for strong acid
Phenol is a weak acid so nothing happens

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4
Q

Test for Carboxylic acid

A

Add sodium carbonate

Fizzes (CO2) and turns cloudy (limestone)

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5
Q

Test for Carbonyl groups

A

Dissolve 2-4 DNP in sulfuric acid, water and methanol
Add solution to unknown
Orange precipitate forms

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6
Q

What are the Carbonyl groups

A

Ketone and aldehyde

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7
Q

Test for Aldehyde

A

Test for carbonyl group
If positive add Tollen’s reagent
Silver mirror forms

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8
Q

How to make Tollen’s reagent

A

silver nitrate solution with sodium hydroxide forms a brown precipitate
Add dilute ammonia solution until brown precipitate fully dissolves

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9
Q

Test for Ketone

A

Test for carbonyl group
Is positive add Tollen’s reagent
Nothing happens

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10
Q

Test for Primary alcohol

A

Add acidified potassium dichromate
Turns green
Add Tollen’s reagent - positive

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11
Q

Test for Secondary alcohol

A

Add acidified potassium dichromate
Turns green
Add Tollen’s reagent - negative

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12
Q

What can alkenes reactions form

A

Alkanes
Dihaloalkanes
Haloalkanes
Alcohols

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13
Q

What can alkanes reactions form

A

Haloalkanes

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14
Q

Reactants needed for Alkane to Haloalkane

A

X2 + UV light

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15
Q

Reactants needed for alkene to alkane

A

H2 + nickle catalyst + 150c

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16
Q

Reactants needed for alkene to dihaloalkane

A

X2 + 20c

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17
Q

Reactants needed for alkene to haloalkene

A

HX + 20c

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18
Q

Reactants needed for alkene to alcohol

A

Steam + Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) catalyst + 300c

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19
Q

What can alcohols reactions form

A 
Alkenes
Esters
Aldehyde
Ketone
Haloalkane
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20
Q

What can Haloalkane reactions form

Study These Flashcards
A

Alcohols
Amines
Nitrile

21
Q

What can Ester reactions form

Study These Flashcards
A

Alcohols

Carboxylic acids

22
Q

What can aldehyde reactions form

Study These Flashcards
A

Carboxylic acids

Hydroxynitrile

23
Q

What can ketone reactions form

Study These Flashcards
A

Hydroxynitrile

24
Q

What can Hydroxynitrile reactions form

Study These Flashcards
A

Amines

Carboxylic acids

25
What can Nitrile reactions form
Amine | Carboxylic acids
26
What can Carboxylic acids reactions form
Esters | Acyl chloride
27
What can Acyl Chloride reactions form
Carboxylic acids Primary amides Secondary amides
28
Reactants needed for Alcohol to alkene
Conc sulfuric acid + 170c
29
Reactants needed for Alcohol to ester
Carboxylic acid + acid catalyst + heat | Or Acyl Chloride
30
Reactants needed for Primary alcohol to aldehyde
Acidified Potassium Dichromate + sulfuric acid + distilled
31
Reactants needed for Secondary alcohol to ketone
Acidified Potassium Dichromate + sulfuric acid + reflux
32
Reactants needed for Alcohol to Haloalkane
NaX + sulfuric acid + 20c
33
Reactants needed for Haloalkane to alcohol
NaOH + water + under reflux
34
Reactants needed for Haloalkane to amine
Excess ethanolic ammonia
35
Reactants needed for Haloalkane to nitrile
NaCN + ethanol + under reflux
36
Reactants needed for Ester to alcohol
Dilute acid/alkali + under reflux
37
Reactants needed for Ester to carboxylic acids
Dilute acid/alkali + under reflux
38
Reactants needed for Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Acidified Potassium Dichromate + sulfuric acid + under reflux
39
Reactants needed for aldehyde to hydroxnitrile
HCN
40
Reactants needed for Ketone to Hydroxynitrile
HCN
41
Reactants needed for Hydroxynitrile to amine
LiAlH4 + dilute acid Or Na + ethanol + reflux
42
Reactants needed for Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid
Dilute HCl + reflux
43
Reactants needed for Nitrile to amine
LiAlH4 + dilute acid Or Na + ethanol + reflux
44
Reactants needed for Nitrile to carboxylic acid
Dilute HCl + reflux
45
Reactants needed for Carboxylic acid to ester
Alcohol + acid catalyst + heat
46
Reactants needed for Carboxylic acid to Acyl Chloride
SOCl2
47
Reactants needed for Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic acid
Cold water
48
Reactants needed for Acyl Chloride to Primary amide
Ammonia + 20c
49
Reactants needed for Acyl Chloride to Secondary Amide
Amine + 20c

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