Tetanus

Question 1

What kind of infection is Tetanus?

Answer 1

Bacterial

Question 2

Indication of bacterial infection in Tetanus

Answer 2

Involuntary muscular spasm

Question 3

Causative agent of tetanus

Answer 3

Clostridium tetani

Question 4

Incubation period of tetanus

Answer 4

3-30 days

Question 5

Mode of transmission of tetanus

Answer 5

Entry into intact skin or mucus membrane

Question 6

Signs appear cephalocaudal or centrifugal?

Answer 6

Cephalocaudal (head to toe)

Question 7

First sign of tetanus

Answer 7

Lockjaw

Question 8

Pathognomonic sign of tetanus

Answer 8

Rissus Sardonicus (smiles like a dog)

Question 9

Other signs of tetanus

Answer 9

Laryngospasm with DOB
Opisthotonos (arching of the back)
Spastic paralysis (tight and hard muscles)

Question 10

Vaccination for Tetanus

Answer 10

DPT/PENTAVALENT

Question 11

If spasm occurs after administration of DPT, will we give the 2nd dose of DPT?

Answer 11

Yes, but remove components of pertussis. (Pertussis is responsible for the spasms) – DT vaccine

Question 12

What do we give if patient with tetanus has no wound

Answer 12

Give tetanus toxoid (antigen)

Question 13

How many shots of Tetanus toxoid should we give?

Answer 13

2 shots

Question 14

Will we give tetanus toxoid to patient with tetanus but has wounds?

Answer 14

No, we should give tetanus anti-toxin (antibody) for patient with tetanus and evident wound.

Question 15

Nursing management: how to avoid spasms

Answer 15

Apply Sedative

Question 16

Nursing management: Seizure

Answer 16

Stay with client
Protect head
Remove sharps

Question 17

Nursing management: Opisthotonos

Answer 17

Side lying position

Question 18

Nursing management: Diet

Answer 18

High caloric diet

Question 19

High caloric diet is for increasing

Answer 19

Metabolism (hypermetabolism)

Question 20

DOC (antimicrobials)

Answer 20

Metronidazole
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol

Question 21

Metronidazole classifications and what to avoid when taking it

Answer 21

Antimicrobial
Anti-seizure
Avoid alcohol

Question 22

Tetracycline is an antimicrobial and it requires avoiding what food

Answer 22

Food rich in Calcium

Question 23

DOC for seizure

Answer 23

Dilantin (adults)
Phenobarbital (child)

Question 24

Normal urine color when taking dilantin

Answer 24

Pinkish to reddish

Question 25

DOC for muscle relaxant

Answer 25

Rebaxin Diazepam

Question 26

Confirmatory for Tetanus but not used due to the anaerobic nature of the causative agent

Answer 26

Wound culture

Question 27

Tests the Patient but sitting the patient, and examiner stimulates client's uvula

Answer 27

Spatula test

Question 28

When is spatula test positive?

Answer 28

When the client bites the material used with spasms

Question 29

When is the spatula test negative?

Answer 29

Client has gag reflex