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Martine M. Reviewer > TETIKS (P1): Introduction > Flashcards

TETIKS (P1): Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is a branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct

A

Ethics

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2
Q

‘Ethics’ is derived from the Greek _____

A

Ethos

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3
Q

‘Ethics’ is derived from the Greek ethos, which means _____ (singular) or _____ (plural)

A

Character (singular), manners (plural)

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4
Q

_____ is also called moral philosophy

A

Ethics

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5
Q

_____ evaluates moral concepts, values, principles, and standards

A

Ethics

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6
Q

(T or F) Morality is a normative study of human actions

A

False (Ethics instead of morality)

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7
Q

_____ is a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong behavior

A

Morality

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8
Q

_____ are explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct within a specific activity or sphere

A

Rules

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9
Q

Rules serves as a foundation for any healthy society because without it, society would likely fall into _____

A

Anarchy

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10
Q

What statement is this under?: Rules build boundaries that place limits on behavior

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior

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11
Q

What statement is this under?: Rules are usually coupled with means to impose consequences on those who violate them

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior

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12
Q

What statement is this under?: People follow rules to avoid negative consequences

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior

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13
Q

What statement is this under?: Rules on divisions of power and checks and balances further protect individual liberty

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom

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14
Q

What statement is this under?: Rules form frameworks for society

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom

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15
Q

What statement is this under?: Rules are needed in order to keep the strong from dominating the weak (to prevent exploitation and domination)

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

C. Rules produce a sense of justice

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16
Q

What statement is this under?: Rules generate a stable system that provides justice, in which even the richest and most powerful have limitations on what they can do

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

C. Rules produce a sense of justice

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17
Q

What statement is this under?: Rules ensure product safety, employee safety, and product quality

A. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior
B. Rules help guarantee certain rights and freedom
C. Rules produce a sense of justice
D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

A

D. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system

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18
Q

(T or F) Without rules regulating business, power would centralize around monopolies, but will strengthen the competitiveness of the system

A

False (Absence of rules would not strengthen, but would THREATEN the strength and competitiveness of the system)

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19
Q

_____ and _____ help protect people’s intellectual property

A

Copyright and patents

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20
Q

(T or F) Rules and regulations also keep the banking system stable so as to avoid _____

A

Depression

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21
Q

(T or F) All rules are moral rules, all standards are moral standards

A

False (Not all)

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22
Q

(T or F) Standards are concerned with human behavior, especially the distinction between good and bad or right and wrong) behavior

A

False (Moral standards)

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23
Q

(T or F) Some ethicists equate moral standards with moral values and moral principles

A

True

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24
Q

Rules UNRELATED to moral or ethical considerations

A

Non-moral standards

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25
Q

(T or F) By nature, non-moral standards do not lack ethical sense

A

False (They lack ethical sense)

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26
Q

Moral or nonmoral standard?: Etiquette

A

Nonmoral standard

27
Q

Moral or nonmoral standard?: Religious rules

A

Nonmoral standards (though they can be ethically relevant depending on some factors and contexts)

28
Q

(T or F) Moral standards involve serious wrongs or
significant benefits

A

True

29
Q

(T or F) Moral standards may not be preferred to other values.

A

False (They OUGHT TO BE preferred)

30
Q

(T or F) Moral standards are established by authority figures

A

False (they are NOT established by authority figures)

31
Q

Moral standards have the trait of
universalizability.

A

True

32
Q

(T or F) Moral standards are based on partial considerations.

A

False (Based on IMPARTIAL considerations)

33
Q

(T or F) Moral standards are associated with special emotions and vocabulary

A

True

34
Q

Moral standards have overriding or _____ authority

A

Hegemonic (dominant authority over other standards)

35
Q

(T or F) Moral standards do not always take precedence over other considerations, including aesthetic, prudential, and even legal ones

A

False (they ALWAYS take precedence over other considerations)

36
Q

When a particular law becomes seriously immoral, one’s moral duty is to exercise _____

A

Civil disobedience

37
Q

Principle which states: “Do unto others what you would them do unto you (if you were in their shoes)”

A

Golden Rule

38
Q

_____ states that one ought to be consistent about one’s value judgments

A

Extension of the principle of consistency

39
Q

_____ is usually depicted as being free of bias or prejudice

A

Impartiality

40
Q

_____ indicates the practical or action-guiding nature of moral standards

A

Prescriptivity

41
Q

(Impartiality or Prescriptivity):

Used to evaluate behavior, to assign praise and blame, and to produce feelings of satisfaction or of guilt

A

Prescriptivity

42
Q

_____ a situation in which a tough choice has to be
made between two or more options, especially more or less equally undesirable ones

A

Dilemma

43
Q

(T or F) Not all dilemmas are moral dilemmas

A

True

44
Q

_____ are situations in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of
which entails transgressing a moral principle

A

Ethical or Moral dilemmas

45
Q

What is the difference between dilemma and moral dilemma?

A

Moral dilemmas require conflicts between moral requirements, ordinary dilemmas do not.

46
Q

Two key features of moral dilemma:

A
  1. The agent is required to do each of two (or more) actions
  2. The agent can do each of the actions; but the agent cannot do both (or all) of the actions
47
Q

(T or F) When one of the conflicting moral requirements overrides the other, the case is still ‘genuine moral dilemma’

A

False (not a genuine moral dilemma)

48
Q

_____ are moral dilemmas experienced and resolved on the personal level

A

Personal dilemmas

49
Q

_____ are moral dilemmas encountered and resolved by social organizations

A

Organizational dilemmas

50
Q

_____ are moral dilemmas involving network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms

A

Structural dilemmas

51
Q

(T or F) Structural dilemmas are larger in scope as compared to organizational dilemmas

A

True

52
Q

(T or F) Only human beings are rational, autonomous, and self-conscious

A

True

53
Q

(T or F) Only human beings can act morally or immorally

A

True

54
Q

(T or F) Humans and animals are part of the moral community.

A

False (Humans only)

55
Q

(T or F) Morality is a question of choice

A

True

56
Q

_____ is the foundation of morality

A

Freedom

57
Q

Since freedom is the foundation of morality, _____ can be said to define our specific ‘morality.’

A

The sum of our choices

58
Q

He holds that moral judgments must be backed by sound reasoning and that morality requires the impartial consideration of all parties involved.

A

James Rachels

59
Q

These compose the “minimum conception” or requirement for morality

A

Reason and impartiality

60
Q

_____ entails that human feelings may be important in ethical decisions, but they ought to be guided by it

A

Reason

61
Q

_____ helps us to evaluate whether our feelings and intuitions about moral cases are correct and defensible

A

Sound reasoning

62
Q

_____ involves the idea that each individual’s interests and point of view are equally important

A

Impartiality

63
Q

_____ is also called evenhandedness or fair-mindedness

A

Impartiality

Martine M. Reviewer (2 decks)

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