Texas History UNit 5 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What did the North Focus on?
The North focused more on industry, and its economy was fueled by immigrant workers. The North also supported different political candidates. This caused tension between the regions.
What did the South focus on?
The South used slave labor to grow crops. The need for slavery in the South kept the Southerners from wanting to abolish slavery.
T.I.S.S.U.E
Tariffs- Taxes were placed on imported items, which hurt the South due to the large number of imported items they need.
Industry/Farms-The differences in the North and South’s economies separated the regions.
Slavery-The South functioned on slave labor, but the North didn’t want slavery, which caused disputes.
State’s Rights-The South wanted a strong state government so each state could choose what they do about slavery.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin-Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book by Harriet B. Stowe about the cruel treatment of slaves. The regions disagreed about the book.
Election of 1860-When Abraham Lincoln became president, the South became very upset and threatened to secede.
Election of 1860
Stephen Douglas represented the Northern Democrats, and John Breckenridge represented the Democrats in the South. John Bell represented another party, and Abraham Lincoln got the Republican vote. Abraham Lincoln won the election, which angered the South, especially since he wasn’t even on the ballot for some of them. This was the final spark before the Civil War.
Cessessions
Over time, 11 Southern states seceded from the Union. The 10th Amendment to the Constitution apparently gave states the right to leave whenever they wanted.
The Dred Scott Decision and the Nullification Crisis are both examples of the South being hurt by taxes and the stigma around slavery. These two things also increased tension in the South.
Which states seceded?
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America.
Some border states supported slavery but didn’t want to leave the Union. They were West Virginia, Missouri, Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky.
Fort Sumter
The first battle of the war
Charleston, South Carolina
Robert Anderson was in charge of the Union side of the battle
Confed. Officer P G Beauregard gave the Union an ultimatum, but it was refused
The Confederacy attacked and won the battle.
Galveston
January 1, 1863
The Union cut off Southern supply ports
John Magruder (a Confederate officer) organized an attack on Galveston, TX
The Confederacy won.
Emancipation Proclamation
This law freed all slaves in the Southern territory
If they went to the North, they would be equal citizens of the Union and even allowed to fight for the Union
This was a great thing for the Union
Sabine Pass
September 8, 1863
The Union tried to invade the Sabine Pass and block off Southern trade completely
Sabine Pass (the Gulf of MX)
Union soldiers invaded TX to cut off a railroad connection
The Confederacy won the battle.
Gettysburg
July 1, 1863
General Lee (a Confederate officer) wanted to invade Pennsylvania and stop trade
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
This battle was the Union’s first victory.
The Gettysburg Address
Was given on November 19, 1863, by Abraham Lincoln
Gave the nation a “new birth of freedom”
Gave hope to the Union once again
Red River Campaign
March 10-22, 1864
Shreveport, Louisiana
The Union attacked Shreveport in the hopes of capturing it
The Civil War was pretty much over by the time this battle came around.
The Confederates won this battle
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Robert E. Lee was forced to surrender to Ulysses Grant
This was known as a gentleman’s agreement
Palmito Ranch
May 13, 1865
Palmito Ranch, TX
Even though the Civil War was officially over, not everyone in the South knew this, so they continued fighting
Robert E Lee surrendered about 4 weeks before
The Confederates won this battle
Union officers
Ulysses Grant
-Very important officer for the Union
Fought off the Ku Klux Klan while he was president
Robert Anderson
-Led the Union troops during the Battle of Fort Sumter
Confederate Officers
Richard Taylor
-Leader of the Confederate troops during the Red River Campaign
Robert E Lee
-Leader of the Confederate Army, delivered the official surrender
John Magruder
-General who fought in the Battle of Galveston
Confederate Officers
Lawrence Ross
-Leader of the Texas Brigade
A future governor of Texas
Thomas Green
-General in the Confederacy who helped in the recapture of Galveston
John Magruder
-General who fought in the Battle of Galveston
John Bell Hood
-Runs in the Election of 1860
Commanded the Texas Brigade
Political Leaders in the Union
Abraham Lincoln
-Held presidency during and after the Civil War, helped lead the Union to victory
Andrew Johnson
-Vice president of Lincoln, became president afterward, stood by while blacks were discriminated
John Davis
-President of the Confederate States of America
John Reagan
-Served in Davis’s cabinet
Francis Lubbock
-First Confederate Governor of Texas
John Reagan
-Served in Davis’s cabinet
Reconstruction Era
Abraham Lincoln
-Offered pardons to civilians who swore an oath to the Constitution
-Made the Freedmen’s Bureau which gave food and supplies to Southerners
Andrew Johnson
-Allowed Southern anti-abolitionists to pass laws discriminating against African-Americans
Radical Republicans
-Basically tried to undo whatever Andrew Johnson did
-Passed the 14th Amendment
-Stationed Union soldiers in the South to enforce the amendment
Ulysses S. Grant
-Used Union troops to fight the KKK
-Was plagued with scandals and accusations
Rutherford B. Hayes
-Took out the Union troops from the South
-His election ended Reconstruction
State’s Rights
The power to make laws/decisions that directly affect a state
Secede
To withdraw from the Union
Plantations System
Large-scale estate meant for farming that specializes in cash crops
Sharecroppers
A tenant farmer who receives an agreed value of the crop as rent
