TEXTBOOK GLOSSARY definitions

Question 1

hydrocarbon

Answer 1

compound only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

unsaturated

Answer 2

containing a multiple carbon-carbon bond

(unsaturated if has at least one C=C bond)

Question 3

homologous series

Answer 3

a series of organic compounds with the same functional group, with each successive member differing by CH2 group.

Question 4

functional group

Answer 4

a group of atoms/molecules that is responsible for the reactions of a compound

Question 5

empirical formula

Answer 5

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 6

homolytic fission

(forms 2 radicals)

Answer 6

breaking of covalent bond with ONE OF BONDED e- GOING TO EACH ATOM, FORMING 2 RADICALS

Question 7

heterolytic fission

Answer 7

breaking of a covalent bond, with both e- going to one atom, forming a CATION AND ANION (ions)

Question 8

radical

(formed from homolytic fission)

Answer 8

species with an unpaired electron.

Question 9

curly arrow

Answer 9

direction of the movement of a PAIR OF ELECTRONS

Question 10

stereoisomer

Answer 10

compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangement in space

Question 11

π bond

Answer 11

bond formed by sideways overlap of 2 p-orbital, with the e- density above and below the plane of the bonding atoms

Question 12

electrophile

Answer 12

• an atom or group of atoms
• attracted to an e- rich centre or atom
• ACCEPTS PAIR OF E- to form new covalent bond

Question 13

nucleophile

Answer 13

• an atom or group of atoms…
• attracted to an e- deficient centre or atom
• DONATES PAIR OF E- to form a new covalent bond

Question 14

isotopes

Answer 14

atoms of the same element (same atomic number, proton number) but different number of neutrons and atomic mass

Question 15

relative isotopic mass

Answer 15

the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of an atom of C-12

Question 16

relative atomic mass

Answer 16

• the weighted mean mass
• of an atom of an element
• compared to 1/12th of the mass of a C-12 atom

Question 17

relative molecular mass

Answer 17

the weighted mean mass of a molecule of a compound compared with 1/12th mass of an atom of C-12

Question 18

relative formula mass

Answer 18

the weighted mean mass of the formula unit of a compound compared to 1/12th the mass of an atom of C-12

Question 19

avogadro constant

Answer 19

the number of particles per mole, 6.02 x 10^23 mol-1

Question 20

molecular formula

Answer 20

the number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 21

anhydrous

Answer 21

contains no water molecules

Question 22

hydrated

Answer 22

contains water molecules

Question 23

water of crystallisation

Answer 23

water molecules that are bonded in a crystalline structure of a compound

Question 24

acid

Answer 24

compound that RELEASE H+ ions in AQUEOUS SOLUTION

ie// HCL, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH

Question 25

alkali

Answer 25

- WATER SOLUBLE BASE. - RELEASES OH- ions into AQUEOUS SOLUTION ie// NaOH, KOH, NH3

Question 26

base

Answer 26

substance that can ACCEPT H+ ions from another substance

Question 27

strong acid

Answer 27

acid that COMPLETELY dissociates in solution