Textbook Questions - Chapter One Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
List some of the ways microbes affect our lives
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2
Q
Recognise the system of science nomenclature that uses two names : a genus and a specific epithet
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3
Q
Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms.
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4
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List the three domains.
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5
Q
Distinguish a genus from a specific epithet.
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6
Q
Which group of microbes are prokaryotes? Which are eukaryotes?
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7
Q
What is cell theory?
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8
Q
What evidence supported spontaneous generation?
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9
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How was spontaneous generation disproved?
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10
Q
Summarise in your own words the germ theory of disease.
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11
Q
What is the importance of Koch’s postulates?
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12
Q
What is the significance of Jenner’s discovery?
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13
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What was Ehrlich’s magic bullet?
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14
Q
Define bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, and virology.
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15
Q
Differentiate microbial genetics from microbial genetics.
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16
Q
Name two beneficial uses of bacteria.
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17
Q
Differentiate biotechnology from recombinant DNA technology.
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18
Q
Define normal microbiota and resistance.
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19
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Define biofilm.
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20
Q
Define emerging infectious disease.
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21
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Differentiate normal microbiota and infectious disease.
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22
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Why are biofilms important?
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23
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What factors contribute to the emergence of infectious disease?
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24
Q
What are living things too small to be seen with the unaided eye called?
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Microorganisms.
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What are microorganisms?
living things too small to be seen with the unaided eye
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Are microorganisms important in maintaining the earth's ecological balance?
Yes.
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Are some microorganisms that live in human and other animals needed to maintain good health?
Yes.
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Are some microorganisms good?
Yes.
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Are some microorganisms used to produce food and chemicals?
Yes.
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Do some microorganisms cause disease?
Yes.
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Who was the scientific nomenclature system designed by?
Carolus Linnaeus
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In the nomenclature system developed by Carolus Linnaeus, is each living organism assigned two names?
Yes.
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In the nomenclature system, do the two names consist of a genus and epithet, both of which are underlined and italicised?
Yes.
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Are bacteria unicellular organisms?
Yes.
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Do bacteria have a cell wall?
No.
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Because bacteria don't have a cell wall are the cells described as prokaryotic?
Yes.
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Do most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall?
Yes.
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Do most bacteria divide by binary fission and possess flagella, because they possess a peptidoglycan cell? wall?
Yes.
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Can bacteria use a wide range of chemical substances for their nutrition?
Yes.
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Do archaea consist of prokaryotic cells, and lack peptidoglycan in their cells walls?
Yes.
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Do archaea include methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles?
Yes.
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Do most fungi (mushrooms, molds and yeasts) have eukaryotic cells (cells with a true nucleus)? Are most fungi multicellular?
Yes. Yes.
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Do fungi obtain nutrients by absorbing organic material from their environment?
Yes.
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Are protozoa unicellular eukaryotes?
Yes.
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Do protozoa obtain nourishment by absorption or ingestion through specialised structures?
Yes.
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Are algae unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes that obtain nourishment by photosynthesis?
Yes.
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Do algae produce oxygen and carbohydrates that are used by other organisms?
Yes.
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Are viruses noncellular entities that are parasites of cells?
Yes.
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Do viruses consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA and RNA) surrounded by a protein coat? Does an envelope surround the coat?
Yes. Yes.
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Are the principal groups of multicellular animal parasites called flatworms and roundworms, collectively known as helminths?
Yes.
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Are the microscopic stages in the life cycle of helminths identified by traditional microbiological procedures?
Yes.
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Are all organisms classified into Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya?
Yes.
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Do Eukarya include protists, fungi, plants, and animals?
Yes.
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Did Hooke's observations lay the groundwork for development of cell theory, the concept that all living things are composed of cells?
Yes.
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Did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek using a simple microscope, the first to observe microorganisms?
Yes.
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Until the mid-1880s did people believe in spontaneous generation, the idea that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter?
Yes.
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Did Francesco Reddi demonstrate that maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able to lay eggs on the meat?
Yes.
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Did John Needham claim that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth?
Yes.
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Did Lazzarro Spallanzani repeat Needham's experiments and suggest that Needham's results were due to microorganisms in the air entering his broth?
Yes.
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Did rudolf virchow introduce the concept of biogenesis that living cells can arise only from preexisting cells?
Yes
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Did Louis Pasteur demonstrate that microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offer proof of biogenesis?
Yes.
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Did Pasteur's discoveries lead to the development of aseptic techniques used in laboratory and medical procedures to prevent contamination by microorganisms?
Yes.
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Did the science of microbiology advance rapidly between 1857 and 1914?
Yes.
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Did Pasteur find that yeasts ferment sugars to alcohol and that bacteria can oxidise alcohol to acetic acid?
Yes.
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Is the heating process pasteurization used to kill bacteria in some alcoholic beverages and milk?
Yes.
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Did Agostino Bassi and Pasteur show a causal relationship between microorganisms and disease?
Yes.
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Did Joseph Lister introduce the use of a disinfectant to clean surgical wounds in order to control infections in humans?
Yes.
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Did Robert Koch prove that microorganisms cause disease? Did he use a sequence of procedures called Koch's postulates that are used today to prove that a particular microorganism causes a particular disease?
Yes.
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In 1798 did Edward Jenner demonstrate that inoculation with cowpox material provides humans with immunity to smallpox?
Yes.
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In 1880 did Pasteur discover that avirulent bacteria can be used as a vaccine for fowl cholera?
Yes.
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Are modern vaccines prepared from living avirulent microorganisms or killed pathogens, from isolated components of pathogens and from recombinant DNA techniques?
Yes.
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Is Chemotherapy the chemical treatment of a disease?
Yes.
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What are the two types of chemotherapeutic agents?
Synthetic drugs (chemically prepared in the laboratory) and antibiotics (substances produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that inhibit growth of bacteria).
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Did Paul Ehrlich introduce an arsenic-containing chemical called salvarsan to treat syphilis?
Yes.
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Did Alexander Fleming observe that the Penicillum fungus inhibited growth of a bacterial culture? Did he name the active ingredient penicillin?
Yes. Yes.
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Are researchers tackling the problem of drug-resistant microbes?
Yes.
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Is bacteriology the study of bacteria, mycology the study of fungi, and parasitology the study of parasitic protozoa and worms?
Yes.
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Do microbiologists use genomics, the study of all an organism's genes, to classify bacteria, fungi and protozoa?
Yes.
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Are the study of AIDS, analysis of the action of interferons, and the development of new vaccines among the current research interests in immunology?
Yes.
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Have new techniques in molecular biology and electron microscopy provided tools for advancing our knowledge of virology?
Yes.
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Has the development of recombinant DNA technology helped advance all areas of microbiology?
Yes.
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Do microorganisms degrade dead plants and animals and recycle chemical elements to be used by living plants and animals?
Yes.
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Are bacteria used to decompose organic material in sewage?
Yes.
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Do bioremediation processes use bacteria to clean up toxic wastes?
Yes.
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Are bacteria that causes diseases in insects being used as biological controls of insect pests? Are biological controls specific for the pest, and do not harm the environment?
Yes.
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Is using microbes to make products such as food and chemicals called biotechnology?
Yes.
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In gene therapy, are viruses used to carry replacements for defective or missing genes into human cells?
Yes.
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Are genetically modified bacteria used in agriculture to protect plants from frost and insects and to improve the shelf life of produces?
Yes.
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Does everyone have microorganisms in and on the body, and do these make up the normal microbiota or flora?
Yes.
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Are disease-producing properties of a species of microbe and the host's resistance important factors in determining whether a person will contract a disease?
Yes.
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Do bacterial communities form slimy layers on surfaces called biofilms?
Yes.
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In an infectious disease one in which pathogens invade a susceptible host?
Yes.
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Is an emerging infectious disease one in which a new or changing disease showing an increase in incidence in the recent past or a potential to increase in the near future?
Yes.
