textiles Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
Absorbency
A
The ability of a material to suck/soak up moisture
2
Q
Additives
A
Substances added to polymers to improve their properties
3
Q
Aesthetically pleasing
A
It is attractive to the senses
4
Q
Alloy
A
A metal made by combining 2 or more metals to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion
5
Q
Annealing
A
Reducing the hardness of a metal and making it more ductile
6
Q
Anthropometrics
A
The study of the sizes of the human body
7
Q
Asymmetry
A
The absence of symmetry of any kind
8
Q
Batch production
A
Making a set number of identical products
9
Q
Bevel gear
A
A gear with teeth cut at a 45 degree angle to change the direction of the drive shaft by 90 degrees
10
Q
Biobased?
A
A product made from a renewable resource
11
Q
Biodegradable
A
The ability of material, substance or object to break down naturally in the environment through the action of micro-organisms (thereby avoiding pollution). Natural and regenerated fibres are biodegradable.
12
Q
Blending fibres
A
Mixing fibres of different origins together in order to improve the properties of the finished yarn.
13
Q
Block model
A
An informal model that captures the form of an idea tends to have no moving parts
14
Q
Bondage fabric
A
Fabric manufactured by adding pressure, heat, chemicals or adhesives to a web of fibres causing them to bond together examples of bonded fabrics include baby wipes, and interfacing
15
Q
Brazing
A
Soldering at very high temperatures
16
Q
Breadboard
A
A prototyping tool for building electronic circuits
17
Q
Brittle
A
Likely to snap crack or break when bent or hit with an impact
18
Q
Bulk discount
A
Reduced price of items for buying a greater number at a time
19
Q
CAD
A
Computer aided design
20
Q
CAE
A
Computer aided engineering
21
Q
Cam and follower
A
A mechanism to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion
22
Q
CAM
A
Computer aided manufacture
23
Q
Case hardening
A
Hardening the outer surface of a metal
24
Q
Catalyst
A
Chemicals that cause a reaction to happen
25
Circular economy
And alternative to traditional in the economy (manufacture, use, dispose), in which we use resources for as long as possible then reuse and re-generate products and materials; a cradle to cradle model
26
Climate change
A change in global climate apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards
27
Cloud computing
A network of online servers the store and manage data
28
CNC
Computer numerical control. Computer-controlled machine used in industry
29
Co-injection moulding
An injection moulding process that uses two different polymers
30
Collaboration
Working with others to achieve a shared goal. There is a shared expectation which is critical in understanding collaboration.
31
Commodity
A raw material that can be bought and sold such as coffee or gold
32
Compressive strength
The resistance of a material to breaking as a result of compression/squashing
33
Context
The setting or surroundings for a design solution
34
Crease resistance
Afibres ability to recover after being wrinkled
35
Culture
The ideas and activities of groups of people; the way that people behave and relate to one another; the beliefs and aspirations of a group of people
36
Current
The actual electricity flowing, measured in amps
37
Debugging
Finding and removing errors in a microcontroller program
38
Diode
A component that allows current to flow in one direction only
39
Downcycling
Recycling into a lower quality product
40
Drape
The weight of fabric hangs under its own weight
41
Driver
A component to boost the output current
42
Ductile
Able to be bent or deformed without losing toughness
43
Durability/hardness
The ability to resist cutting, wear, or abrasion
44
Eco-material
An environmentally friendly material
45
Economies of scale
The cost advantages that manufacturers obtain due to the size, output, or scale of their production
46
Effort
The input force in a mechanism
47
Electrolysis
Extraction of metals by melting and passing electric current through it
48
Emerging technologies
New technologies that are currently being developed, or will be developed within the next 5 to 10 years
49
Ergonomics
The study of how we use and interact with a product or system
50
Ethical
Correct, fitting, good or honourable
51
Fabricating
Creating products by assembling parts and components together
52
Fast fashion
A trend involving the quick transfer of new collections from the catwalk into stores
53
FEA
Finite element analysis
54
Felted fabric
Fabric manufactured by adding moisture, pressure and friction to a web of fibres, causing them to matt together
55
Ferrous metal
A metal that contains iron
56
Filament fibre
A long, smooth, fibre of synthetic or natural protein origin
57
Finite resources
Non-renewable sources that cannot be replaced in a sufficient time frame to allow further human consumption. Examples include crude oil and natural gas and coal, as these resources have taken millions of years to form
58
Focus group
An organised discussion led by a moderator, where a group of people are asked about their views and experiences, perceptions of and attitudes towards a product, brand, service, idea, advertisement or packaging
59
Force
A push, pull or twist
60
Former
A block made to hold material in the shape required
61
Fulcrum
The pivot around which a lever turns
62
Function
What a product will do and how it wI’ll work
63
Fused deposition modelling (FDM)
Building up a 3-D shape by laying down material in layers
64
Galvanising
Coating steel with zinc to stop it corroding
65
Globalisation
Businesses and organisations operating globally and developing international influence
66
Gloss
A shiny, reflective surface finish
67
Golden ratio
A common mathematical ratio found in nature that can be used to create pleasing, natural-looking compositions in your design work; also known as the golden mean, the golden section, or by the Greek letter Phi
68
GRP
Glass reinforced plastic
69
gsm
Grams per square metre. Used to classify the weights of paper and card
70
Idler gear
A gear that is inserted between two spur gears to change the output direction
71
Import
To bring goods in from another country
72
Inclusive design
Designing for the widest possible audience
73
Input
The type of motion or force put into a mechanism
74
Insulator
Resists the passage of heat or sound, keeps heat inside/blocks sound
75
Integrating circuit (IC)
A microchip
76
Internet of Things (IoT)
Where are electronic devices connect within the existing Internet infrastructure, to send and receive data without human intervention
77
Iterative design
A design process based on a cyclic process of prototyping, testing, reflecting, analysing, evaluating and refining of product or process. The processes are repeated with a focus of achieving the optimum design
78
Iterative modelling
Repeated modelling to develop an idea
79
Laminating
Building up a shape in thin layers
80
Lathe
A machine used for making cylindrical-shaped objects by spinning
81
Lay plans
Used by fabric pattern cutters to guide them when placing pattern pieces in the correct location and direction before cutting
82
Lean manufacturing
A systematic method for the elimination of waste within a manufacturing system
83
Lever
A rigid bar that turns around a fulcrum
84
Light dependent resistor (LDR)
A light sensing component
85
Lightweight
Weighs very little
86
Line bending
Bending a polymer sheet after softening a narrow strip
87
Linkage
A component used to direct forces and movement to where they are needed
88
Load
The output force in a mechanism
89
Lubrication
A substance applied to reduce friction between moving parts
90
Malleable
Able to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking or cracking
91
Market pull
Refers to the market (users/customers ) identifying and requiring the need for a new product or solution to a problem
92
Marketing
The business of promoting and selling a product; can include advertising and promotion, and market research
93
Mass/high volume production
Producing very large numbers of an item or product
94
Mathematical modelling
The representation of a real situation using mathematical concepts and language
95
Matt
A dull, non-reflective surface finish
96
Mechanism
A series of parts the work together to control forces and motion
97
Micro controller
A programmable electronic component that adds functionality to the product
98
Micron
1000th of a millimetre. Used to classify the thickness of paper and card
99
Monomer
A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
100
MOSFET
A type of transistor used as a driver
101
Mould
Has various references in design and manufacture; it can be a hollow container used to give shape to a molten or hot material while it cools and hardens; or used to describe the forming of an object from a malleable material
102
Moulding
Can describe the process of forming a shape from a mould; or be used to describe a specific form, e.g. a decorative moulding
103
Nanotechnology
Technology on a microscopic scale
104
Natural cellulose fibres
Fibres that come from plant-based sources, for example cotton and linen
105
Natural polymers
Chains of protein or cellulose molecules (monomers), such as keratin, glucose or fibroin. These chains are the basis of all natural fibres
106
Natural protein fibres
Fibres that come from animal-based sources. These include hair, fur or silk fibres
107
Non-ferrous metal
A metal that does not contain iron
108
Non-renewable energy
Energy derived from sources that come out of the ground as liquids, gases and solids cannot be quickly replenished
109
Non-woven fabrics
Fabrics made by entangling fibres together using friction, pressure, heat or chemicals. These fabrics are cheaper to produce then woven fabrics and are often used for disposable products
110
Obsolescence
Becoming outdated or no longer wanted
111
One off production
Making only one or a small number of products
112
Organic
Derived from living matter
113
Output
The type of motion or force a mechanism produces
114
Oxidation
Discolouring, tarnishing and/or rusting of metal through reaction with water
115
Physical and working properties
The properties of the material that affect the way it is used
116
Piezo-electric sounder
A miniature speaker for producing sounds from a microcontroller
117
Pinion
A small driver gear (smaller than the driven gear)
118
Plain weave
A basic weave construction in which the weft yarn goes under and over alternate warp yarns, giving a strong and flat fabric
119
Planned obsolescence
The business practices practice of deliberately outdating an item before the end of its useful life
120
Plating
Coating one type of metal with another to improve appearance or corrosion resistance
121
Polarised
A component in systems that must be connected the correct way round in a circuit
122
Polymer
A substance that has a molecular structure built up from a large number of similar units (monomers) bonded together
123
Polymerisation
The process of joining small molecules to form polymers (long chains)
124
Polymer Memory
The ability of the Thermo polymers to return to their original state after reheating
125
Powder coating
A coating of electrically charged powder that is baked on to achieve a tough finish
126
Press moulding
Forming a hollow shape from a softened polymer sheet
127
Primary user
The person or group of people who will use a product or system
128
Printed circuit board (PCB)
The support and connections for the electronic components in a product
129
Program
A set of instructions to tell a microcontroller how to carry out a task
130
Programming language
The set of instructions and rules used to write a microcontroller program
131
Proportion
The relative size and scale of the various elements in a design
132
Prototyping
A process that involves the production of a test model, on which the final product is based
133
Pulley and belt drive
A method of transferring rotatory motion between two shafts
134
Quenching
Rapidly cooling hot metal by immersing in cold water
135
Rack and pinion
A system to change between rotary and linear motion
136
Rapid prototyping
The process of making a 3-D shape from a digital file
137
Recyclable
Material or product suitable for re-processing back to raw forms
138
Recycled paper
Paper made from used paper products
139
Regenerated fibres
Fibres derived from natural Celulose sources, using synthetic chemical processes. These include viscose and bamboo fibre
140
Reinforce
To strengthen or support an object or substance with additional material
141
Renewable
A natural resource and is not depleted by use
142
Resistance
How hard it is for an electric current to flow, measured in ohms
143
Rigid
The ability to withstand forces without flexing
144
Satin
And in between gloss and matt finish
145
Satin weave
A luxurious weave in fabric construction in which the weft yarn floats over three or more warp yarns, giving a smooth and shiny finish
146
Scale of production
The number of products being produced at once
147
Seam allowance
A margin added in textiles to pattern pieces to allow enough fabric around the edge of the sewing line for errors
148
Seasoning
Adjusting the moisture content of timber to make it more suitable to use
149
Self finishing
A material that requires no further coatings or finishing processes
150
Sensor
A component that produces a signal in response to a specific physical quantity
151
Shaft
A rod that transfers the rotation through a mechanism
152
Signal
And electrical voltage that is used to represent information
153
Simple gear train
A pair of years consisting of a driver gear and a driven gear
154
Sketch models
Quick models, often of just parts of a design, made from easy to work and low-cost materials such as cardboard or foam
155
Smelting
Melting down metals into molten liquid
156
Soldering
Melting solder around two or more metals to create a joint
157
Spur gear
A wheel with teeth around its edge
158
Stabiliser
An additive added to polymers to help them with stand degradation
159
Stakeholder
A person, group or organisation with an interest in a product/system, for example parents/schools when designing products for children
160
Standardised component
An individual part or component, manufactured in thousands or millions, to the same specification
161
Staple fibre
A short fibre with crimp (wavy texture); most natural fibres are staple fibres, although synthetic fibres can be manufactured to form the staple shape
162
Steam bending
Softening the fibres of wood with steam to allow it to bend
163
Stock form
Commonly available forms of a material that can be bought
164
Stove enamelling
A paint coating that is baked onto achieve a tough, durable finish
165
Stroke
The distance the follower (of the cam) rises
166
Structure
A collection of parts that provide support
167
Subsystem
A section with a specific role within a system
168
Sustainable economic growth
A rate of growth that can be maintained for future generations without causing significant economic problems
169
Symmetry
When elements are arranged in the same way on both sides of an axis when rotated around a point
170
Synthesised
Made by combining parts of, e.g. combining different carbon components
171
Synthetic
A manufactured substance that imitates a natural product
172
System
The general name for a set of mechanical or electronic parts that work together to produce the desired output
173
System diagram
A diagram of the interconnections and flow of signals in an electronic system
174
Systems thinking
The understanding of a product or component as part of a larger system of other products and systems. In iterative design process, consideration of the role of all components and subsystems Of the product or system, including the user experience and the marketing of the object being designed, insures all aspects of the product and given the required attention to detail
175
Technical textiles
Textiles manufactured specifically for their performance properties instead of their aesthetic value. Examples of technical textiles include Kevlar and Stomatex
176
Technology push
One research and development of new technology drives new product development, e.g. touchscreen and fingerprint technology in smart phones
177
Tempering
Using heat to make a metal less brittle
178
Tensile strength
The resistance of the material to breaking under tension/stretching
179
Thermistor
A temperature sensing component
180
Throwaway society
A society influenced by consumerism and excessive consumption of products
181
Tolerance
An allowable amount of variation of a specific quantity, especially in the dimensions of a part
182
Torque
A turning or twisting force
183
Toughness
Ability to resist breaking, bending or snapping
184
Triangulation
Achieving rigidity by producing triangular structures
185
Twill weave
A strong weave in fabric construction in which the weft yarn goes under and over alternate warp yarns in a diagonal formation, giving a textured finish
186
Upcycling
Reusing and transforming products into a higher quality product
187
Usability
How easy a product is to use, how clear and obvious the functions are
188
User centred design (UCD)
Sometimes called human centred design, user centred design is a design strategy, or design approach, with the aim of making products and systems usable. It focuses on the user interface and how the user interacts with and relates to the product
189
UV degradation
The weakening of polymers when exposed to the ultraviolet light in sunlight
190
Vacuum forming
Producing thin hollow items over a shaped mould using a heated polymer sheet and vacuum
191
Viability
The ability to work successfully
192
Virgin fibre paper
Paper made from new, unused wooden fibres
193
Voltage
A measure of the electrical pressure causing a current to flow, measured in volts
194
Wastage
Removing material to leave a desired shape
195
Water resistance
The ability of a material to resist water droplets for a period of time
196
WEEE directive
Are sustainability scheme to reduce the amount of waste electrical products sent to landfill
197
Weft knit
Fabric constructed with horizontal and vertical rows of interlocking loops
198
Welding
A fusion of materials caused by intense heat
