Textiles and Leathers Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
also known as fabric or cloth; a flexible artificial materials made up of a network of natural or artificial fibers formed by weaving or knitting, or pressed into felt.
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Textile
2
Q
Any material made through various process such as weaving, knitting crocheting or bonding.
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Fabric
3
Q
Refers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for varying purposes such as bedcovers, etc.
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Cloth
4
Q
The basic element of the textile; fine hair like strands that forms the basis of a yarn.
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Fiber
5
Q
- short fiber, somewhat randomly arranged and loosely twisted, resulting in softer yarns.
- measured in centimeter (cm) or inches (inc.)
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Staple Fibers
6
Q
- long and continuous fiber, tightly twisted to produce smooth and strong yarns.
- measured in meters or yards.
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Filament Fibers
7
Q
Formed by twisting together to create a continuous strand.
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Yarn
8
Q
Composed of staple fibers twisted together.
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Spun yarns
9
Q
- Composed of continuous strands made form either spinneret generated fiber or from silk.
- also known as (BCF) or “Bulked Continuous Filament”
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Filament yarns
10
Q
Shower head like device used for filament fiber extrusion.
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Spinneret
11
Q
Formed by twisting together to create a continuous strand.
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Yarn
12
Q
Composed of staple fibers twisted together.
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Spun yarn
13
Q
Referred to as BCF; composed of continuous strands made from either spinneret generated fabric or from silk.
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Filament yarn
14
Q
BCF stands for:
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Bulked Continuous Filament
15
Q
Textile are evaluated according to:
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Durability
Tenacity
Elongation
Fabric Absorbency
Resiliency
16
Q
Refers to it’s flexibility and it’s resistance to friction.
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Durability
17
Q
Refers to textile’s tensile strength before ripping.
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Tenacity
18
Q
Refers to the elasticity without breaking.
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Elongation
19
Q
Related to how texttile is hydrophilic, hydrophobic and hygrocophic.
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Fabric Absorbency
20
Q
Textile’s ability to return to it’s original shape.
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Resiliency
21
Q
Classification of fibers:
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Natural and Synthetic
22
Q
- It is most widely play fiber, most versitle and durable, also one of the densest fiber known for comfort.
- When twisted tightly it becomes stronger than wool.
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Cotton
23
Q
A processed version of the fiber made into cloth that resembles satin.
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Shiny Cotton
24
Q
Extra long staple cotton produce in Egpyt; favored for luxury and upmarket brands worldwide.
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Egyptian Cotton
25
A kind of cotton that has no synthetic addictive when finished.
Green Cotton
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A kind of cotton that is processed raw without any synthetic ingredients or grown with ni synthetic fertilizers.
Organic Cotton
27
- Also known as "poor-man's cotton" derived from a seed pod of a Java Kapok tree.
- It is very lightweight and non-absorbent, making it popular as a stuffing for personal floation devices and known to cause asthma.
Kapok
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- The oldes fiber ever woven into fabric and is grayish in color with silky luster.
- Reflects heat better than cotton and hold their color longer under strong light conditions more than any other natural fiber.
Flax
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Made from flax; more resistany to mildew, does not lint and resist frayinh and seam slippage.
Linen
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- Fabric that resembles satin, made form the stem and stalk of Jute plant which primarily grows in India.
- It has been woven with aesthetic success into upholstery weight fabrics (carpet and linoleum backing).
Jute
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A fabric made from jute; has excellent resistance to microorganisms and insects.
Burlap
32
Taken form the stems of the "Cannabis Sativa Plant", originally used in ropes and sacks.
Hemp
33
- Also known as "Abaca", obtained form the outer layer of the leaf of a Musa Textilis Plant mainly grown in the Philippines.
- It is very strong with great luster and is very resistant to damage from salt water.
Manila Hemp
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- Also known as "China grass or grass linen", an expensive fiber from an East Asinan plant oftentimes substitues of flax.
- Resembles fine linen if the fiber is thin and resembles canvas when fiber is coarse and bulky.
Ramie
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- 1920's when it was discovered that latex could be extruded into fiber.
- It is unique among yhe natural fibers, it is highly elastic, elastic and impermeable to water and air.
Natural Rubber
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Made from the banana fibers.
Jusi
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- Made from the leaves of the Pineapple plant and is commonly used in the Philippines.
- Sometimes combined with silk or polyester to create a fabric and used for Barong Tagalong and other formal wear.
Pina
38
- Sheared fron domesticated animals, primarily sheep; color varies from pale, neutral and dark brown. It contains amount oil called "lanolin", which is removed during the fiber processing.
- Known for it's exceptionally resiliency and elasticity, it is an excellent fiber for use in carpets; preferred in the public areas of luxurious hospitality facilities.
Wool
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Four Grades of Wool
Virgin Wool
Ordinary Wool
Recycled Wool
Worsted Wool
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Woold that hasn't been previously processed.
Virgin Wool
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Includes reclaimed scraps from knits, broken threads and other sources that may have damaged fibers.
Ordinary Wool
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New wool or felted fabric scraps that are shredded and re-used.
Recycled Wool
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Manufacture in England; spun into compact smoothly twisted yarn before weaving or knitting, resist wrinkles and crease.
Worsted Wool
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Form camel, goat, alpaca, llma, vicuna (the rarest) and horsehair.
Hair
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Taken form the lowly kashmiri goat; known as "Fiber of Kings", the Arc of the Covenant of the Old Testament was lined and curtained with it.
Cashmere
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It is the "finest wool" shorn form the undercoat of himalayan mountain goats. The current buzzword of the fashion industry.
Pashmina
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Form the Angora goat, resilient and resembles human hair. Used for carpets and wall fabrics.
Mohair
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Persian word meaning "Pleasure of Kings" from the fur of chitu, an endangered Tibetan Antelope, It is more luxurious than pashmina.
Shahtoosh
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A pure wrap; shahtoosh that is so fine and delicate.
Ring Scarf
50
The most beautiful of all fibers due to it's marvelous natural luster; comes from the cocoons of the silkworms, It's filament is extremely fine though "strongest natural fibers"
Silk Fibers
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The growth of silk moths for their silk production. Cocoobs are dried in an oven killing the pupae inside while preservibg the integrity of the cocoons.
Semiculture
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Swell when damp and shrinks when dry.
Hiking
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Grades of Silk:
Organzine or thrown silk
Tram, spunsilk or bourette
Tussah
Duppion/Duppioni
Thai Silk
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The finest cultured silk yarn and is made from the longest filament.
Organzine or Thrown Silk
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Uses shorter strands (or broken strands) and have less luster and sheer.
Tram, Spunsilk or Bourette
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Silk made by wild uncultivated silkworms; It is naturally tan in color, cannot be bleached and has a rougher texture than cultivated silk; Used for weaving rougher textiles such as pongee, shikj and shantung.
Tussah
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Silk that comes from the fiber formed by two silk worms that spun their cocoons together in an interlocking manner; The yarn is uneven like linen, irregular and larger than regular filaments.
Duppion/Duppioni
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One of the finest fabrics in the world produced from the cocoons of thai silkworms; It is a product of a unique manufacturing process, with the end product coming out with unique patterns and colors.
Thai Silk
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- Mineral with fluffy strands which are generally combined with cotton to produce a textile.
- It is completely fireproof and was used for firefighters apparel, ironing board covers and other hazardous industry applications.
Asbestos
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Threads of gold, silver or copper often woven into filmy casement or wall hanging; used for sparkle, lending glitter to textile.
Metal Fibers
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Characteristic of Cellulose Synthetic Fiber
Rayon
Viscose Rayon
Acetate
Triacetate
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- The first synthetic fiber derived form the pithy sections of plant stalks and also known as "Poor man's silk or Artificial silk"
- Resemblance to linen when spun and woven and frequently blended with cotton or wool; used for woven backing of velvet.
Rayon
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Blends well with other fibers; reasonable light and abrasion resistance however it is not particularly strong and loses strength when wet, also subject to mildew and rot under prolonged exposure to sunlight.
Viscose rayon
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Developed by Celanese Corp. Compound of Cellulose Acetate in 1924; it has luxurious hand and woven into expensive textiles such as satins, failles, repes, brocades and damasks.
Acetate
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Developed by Celanese Corp. Compound of Cellulose Acetate in 1954; has good resiliency compared to Acetate generally used for textured knits and tricots.
Tri-Acetate
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- Developed by E.I Dupont De Nemours and Co in 1939; requires elements of petroleum, natural gas, carbon, air and water; it is the "Strongest of all fibers"
Nylon
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- Developed by E.I Dupont De Nemours in (1950) under the trade name "Orion"; derived from elements of coal, air, water, petroleum and limestone.
- It produce a "fluffy wool-like effect and generally knitted into pile fabrics such as fake furs, polyester or nylon.
Acrylic
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Developed by "Union Carbide" in (1949); derived from elements of natural gas, coal, air, salt and water.
Modacrylic
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-Developed by "Hercules Inc." in (1961) from a by-product of petroleum.
- It is relatively inexpensive and very popular for use as a carpet fiber beacuse of it's outstanding resistance to stains and crushing and lack of static generation; also "one of the lightedt synthetic fibers"
Olefins
70
The most widely used olefin fiber.
Polyproplyene
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The first olefin fiber used for ariplane seats for many years.
Polyethylene
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- Developed by "E.I Dupont De Nemours and Co." in (1953) under the trade name (Dacro, Fortrel, Kodel, Trevia); made from coal, air, water and petroleum.
- used for hospital cubicle curtains and knitted into upholstery-weight suede cloth.
Polyester
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Mid-1800's first producr as fiber form by "Owens Coming Trade" under the name "Fiberglass"
Glass Fiber
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Chemical fiber with "make-up similar to nylon"; it is washable, wrinkle resistance, does not shrink and "resembles silk" in luster, weight, color, feel and drapabilty and can be ironed like cotton.
Polynude Nylon
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Usually blended with "rayon and modacrylic"; used for outdoor furniture, upholstery, screening, curtains, drapery fabrics and wall coverings.
Saran
76
A manufactured elastomeric fiber that can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking and still recover to it's original length.
Spandex
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- It had unique properties among the various modem synthetic fibers; alkalis, acids and solvent have no affect on them.
- marketed under the trade name "Nomex and Kevlar"
Aramids
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A high temperature-resistant fiber used mostly in apparel such as firefighters clothing and space suit.
Nomex
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A high-temperature-resistant fibers and is incredibly strong "stronger than comparably sized steel"; used as a barrier fabric between the upholstery cushion and fabric in seating also, used in bullet-resistant vest.
Kevlar
80
Characteristic of Non-Cellulosic Synthetic Fiber
Nylon
Acrylic
Modacrylic
Olefin (Polypropylene & Polyethelyne)
Polyester
Glass fiber
Polynude Nylon
Saran
Spandex
Aramids (Nomex & Kevlar)
