Textual Analysis

Question 1

The IB ‘big five’?

Answer 1

1 Audience/purpose
2 Content/theme
3 Tone/mood
4 Stylistic devices
5 Structure

Question 2

What is the tone?

Answer 2

Shows the attitude of the writer. It is used through the use of words.

Question 3

What is the mood?

Answer 3

The atmosphere of the text, the way it makes you feel.

Question 4

What is connotation, and denotation?

Answer 4

Connotation means figuratively, while denotation means literally.

Question 5

What is an allusion?

Answer 5

A brief reference to a person, place, thing/idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.

Question 6

What is an allegory?

Answer 6

A story with a double meaning –> one primary, one secondary.

Question 7

What is a metaphor?

Answer 7

A comparison between two things that are unrelated, but share common characteristics.

Question 8

What is a simile?

Answer 8

A direct comparison. Using ‘like’ and ‘as’.

Question 9

What is personification?

Answer 9

When objects, ideas or animals are given human traits.

Question 10

What is imagery?

Answer 10

Presents in a way it appeals our physical senses. Must make us of other figures of speech.

Question 11

What are the sound devices?

Answer 11

Alliteration, onomatopoeia, cacophony/euphony.

Question 12

What is an alliteration?

Answer 12

When the first letters of a number of words sound alike.

Question 13

What is onomatopoeia?

Answer 13

It imitates the sound described.

Question 14

What is cacophony/euphony?

Answer 14

C- the use of sharp, harsh sounds, to create an unpleasant feeling. Usually consonants.
E- the use of harmonious and unpleasant wounds, to create a relaxed feeling. Usually vowels.

Question 15

Which stylistic devices create contrast?

Answer 15

Juxtaposition, oxymoron and paradox

Question 16

What is a juxtaposition?

Answer 16

When two things are put side to side, to create comparisons and contrasts.
{It was the best of times, it was the worst of times}

Question 17

What is an oxymoron?

Answer 17

When two opposite ideas are joined to create an affect.
{cruel kindness}

Question 18

What is a paradox?

Answer 18

A statement that appears self-contradictory or silly but may actually be true.
{i can resist anything but temptation}

Question 19

What 3 stylistic devices fall under the ‘use of language’?

Answer 19

Diction, hyperbole and euphemism

Question 20

What is diction?

Answer 20

The choice of words by a writer.
There are:
- formal language
- informal language
- colloquial (=specific language tied to time, region and community)
- slang (=new, impolite words)

Question 21

What is a hyperbole?

Answer 21

Exaggerating ideas in order to create emphasis.
{dying of shame}

Question 22

What is euphemism?

Answer 22

It loses its literal meaning, in order to hide its unpleasantness.
{passed away - someone died}

Question 23

What is irony?

Answer 23

Simply put, a difference between appearance and reality.

Question 24

What three types of irony are there, explain them too.

Answer 24

Situational - when something happens and a reversal of expectations occurs.

Dramatic - when the audience know something the characters don’t.

Verbal - when a speaker says one thing, but means another.

Question 25

What is sarcasm?

Answer 25

A form of verbal iron. But sarcasm is often used to hurt someone.

Question 26

What is an anecdote?

Answer 26

A short story, often proposed to support or demonstrate some point, and to make the audience laugh.

Question 27

What is logos?

Answer 27

A statement based on reason and logic, there are 2 types: 1 Inductive reasoning -> specific fact drawn towards a conclusion 2 Deductive reasoning -> involves generalization at first and then moves on to a specific case

Question 28

What is pathos?

Answer 28

A statement meant to play on your emotions, not based on facts.

Question 29

What is ethos?

Answer 29

A statement that relies on the credibility and authority of the speaker.

Question 30

What is kairos?

Answer 30

A statement saying the right thing, at the right time.

Question 31

What is a rhetorical question?

Answer 31

A question asked just for effect, with an obvious answer.

Question 32

What is repetition?

Answer 32

Repeating the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer and more memorable.

Question 33

What are some important things in structure?

Answer 33

- layout - graphology (=what does the text look like) - punctuation - font (=lettertype)

Question 34

What is syntax?

Answer 34

A set of rules in a language. It shows how words from different parts of speech are put together. To create meaning within a text.

Question 35

What is a disjunction?

Answer 35

A conjunction (but/yet) that dramatically interrupts the rhythm of the sentence. Can create suspense or surprise.

Question 36

What is sentence structure?

Answer 36

Short sentences create tension. Long and complex sentences are slower and often more formal.

Question 37

What are fractured sentences?

Answer 37

Incomplete sentences are used to increase tension or urgency, or reflect the way people speak to each other.

Question 38

What is enjambment?

Answer 38

A poetic technique, when a sentence runs over more than one line. This assists the flow of a poem.

Question 39

What can the tense add?

Answer 39

Shift in verb tense can create additional meaning.

Question 40

What is a ballad?

Answer 40

Usually narrative verses. Often set to music.

Question 41

What is a sonnet?

Answer 41

Meaning little song. Has 14 lines.

Question 42

What is a limerick?

Answer 42

Comic verses. containing 5 lines. The 1st, 2nd and 5th line are longer and rhyme together.

Question 43

What is haiku?

Answer 43

A 3-line poem, features 5-7-5 syllables per lines. They don't rhyme.

Question 44

What is ode?

Answer 44

Aim to praise something.

Question 45

What is elegy?

Answer 45

Mourns the death of an individual. Questions are asked about destiny, justice and fate. The poet makes a subtle comparison to his own life. And towards the end they try to provide comfort to ease the pain.

Question 46

What is a blank verse?

Answer 46

Consists of lines with 10 syllables, but has no fixed number of lines.

Question 47

What is free verse?

Answer 47

No set meter, no rhyming scheme and doesn't follow a pattern.

Question 48

What is an acrostic poem?

Answer 48

Here the first letter of each line spells out a name of the message.

Question 49

What is concrete poetry?

Answer 49

Concrete, pattern or shape poetry. The shape of the poem is of great importance.

Question 50

Which type of poem consists of two rhyming lines having the same meter?

Answer 50

A couplet

Question 51

Which type of poem consists of three lines. aaa or aba?

Answer 51

A tercet

Question 52

Which type of poem consists of common rhyming schemes aaaa, aabb or abab?

Answer 52

A quatrain

Question 53

Which type of poem consists of five lines, and has a typical stress pattern?

Answer 53

A quintain

Question 54

Which type of poem consists of six lines?

Answer 54

A sestet

Question 55

Which type of poem consists of eight lines?

Answer 55

A octave

Question 56

What is perfect and general rhyme?

Answer 56

Perfect - final vowel {sight & light} General - likeness between words

Question 57

What is eye rhyme?

Answer 57

Same spelling, but different sound. {cough and bough}

Question 58

What is tail rhyme?

Answer 58

Most common type of rhyme, at the end of each line.

Question 59

What is internal rhyme?

Answer 59

A word at the end of the line rhymes with another word in the same line.

Question 60

What is cross rhyme?

Answer 60

Matching sounds at the end of intervening lines. E.g. ABAB.

Question 61

What is chain rhyme?

Answer 61

The linking together of stanzas by carrying a rhyme over from one stanza to the next.