Th4.5: The Significance of Fiscal and National Debts Flashcards by Verity Russell

A Level Eco - Macro 2 (185 decks)

Th4.1: Globalisation Characteristics

Th4.1: Factors Contributing to Globalisation

Th4.1: Impacts of Globalisation on Consumers

Th4.1: Impacts of Globalisation on Workers

Th4.1: Impacts of Globalisation on Producers

Th4.1: Impacts of Globalisation on Government

Th4.1: Impacts of Globalisation on Environment

Th4.1: Impacts of Globalisation on Economic Growth

Th4.1: Absolute and Comparative Advantage

Th4.1: Numerical Example One

Th4.1: Numerical Example Two

Th4.1: Numerical Example Three

Th4.1: Diagrammatic Approach One

Th4.1: Diagrammatic Approach Two

Th4.1: Diagrammatic Approach Three

Th4.1: Assumptions and Limitations of this Theory

Th4.1: Advantages of Specialisation and Trade

Th4.1: Disadvantages of Specialisation and Trade

Th4.1: Factors Influencing Pattern of Trade - Comparative Advantage

Th4.1: Factors Influencing Pattern of Trade - Emerging Economies

Th4.1: Factors Influencing Pattern of Trade - Trading Blocs and Bilateral Trading Agreements

Th4.1: Factors Influencing Pattern of Trade - Relative Exchange Rates

Th4.1: Terms of Trade

Th4.1: Factors Influencing a Country's Terms of Trade

Th4.1: Impacts of Changes

Th4.1: Types of Trading Blocs

Th4.1: ^^ Common Markets

Th4.1: ^^^ Monetary Unions

Th4.1: Trading Blocs - Advantages

Th4.1: Trading Blocs - Disadvantages

Th4.1: Trade Creation and Diversion

Th4.1: Role of the WTO

Th4.1: Possible Conflicts with the WTO

Th4.1: Reasons for Restrictions

Th4.1: Infant Industry Argument

Th4.1: Job Protection

Th4.1: Protection from Potential Dumping

Th4.1: Protection from Unfair Competition

Th4.1: Terms of Trade

Th4.1: Danger of Over Specialisation

Th4.1: Types of Restrictions

Th4.1: ^^^ Tariffs

Th4.1: ^^^ Quotas

Th4.1: ^^^ Subsidies to Domestic Producers

Th4.1: ^^^ Non-tariff Barriers

Th4.1: Impact of Protectionist Policies on Consumers

Th4.1: Th4.1: Impact of Protectionist Policies on Producers

Th4.1: Impact of Protectionist Policies on Workers

Th4.1: Impact of Protectionist Policies on Governments

Th4.1: Impact of Protectionist Policies on Living Standards

Th4.1: Impact of Protectionist Policies on Equity

Th4.1: Balance of Payments

Th4.1: ^^ The Current Account

Th4.1: ^^ The Capital and Financial Accounts

Th4.1: Causes of Deficits and Surpluses

Th4.1: Short Term Causes - Deficits and Surpluses

Th4.1: Medium Term Causes - Deficits and Surpluses

Th4.1: Long Term Causes - Deficits and Surpluses

Th4.1: Reducing Imbalance

Th4.1: Demand Side Policies

Th4.1: Supply Side Policies

Th4.1: Expenditure Switching Policies

irrelevant Th4.1: Significance of Global Trade Imbalances

Th4.1: Exchange Rates

Th4.1: Exchange Rate Systems

Th4.1: ^^ Free Floating System

Th4.1: ^^ Managed Floating

Th4.1: ^^ Fixed System

Th4.1: Changes in the Currency

Th4.1: Factors Affecting Floating Exchange Rates

Th4.1: Government Intervention

Th4.1: Competitive Devaluation/Depreciation

Th4.1: Impacts of Changes in Exchange Rates

Th4.1: ^^^ Current Account of Balance of Payments

Th4.1: International Competitiveness

Th4.1: Measures of International Competitiveness

Th4.1: Factors Influencing International Competitiveness

Th4.1: Benefits of Competitiveness

Th4.1: Problems with Competitiveness

Th4.2: Absolute Poverty

Th4.2: Relative Poverty

Th4.1: Causes of Changes

Th4.1: Wealth and Income Inequality

Th4.1: Measurements of Income Inequality

Th4.1: Causes of Wealth and Income Inequality Within Countries

Th4.1: ^^ Wages

Th4.2: ^^ Wealth Levels

Th4.2: ^^ Chance

Th4.2: Causes of Wealth and Income Inequality Between Countries

Th4.2: Impact of Economic Change and Development

Th4.2: Significance of Capitalism

Th4.3: Human Development Index

Th4.3: HDI Adavantages

Th4.3: HDI Disadvantages

Th4.3: Other Indicators

Th4.3: ^^ Inequality-adjusted HDI

Th4.3: ^^ Multidimensional Poverty Index

Th4.3: ^^ The Genuine Progress Indicator

Th4.3: Factors Influencing Growth and Development

Th4.3: ^^ Primary Product Dependency

Th4.3: ^^ Volatility of Commodity Prices

Th4.3: ^^ Savings Gap

Th4.3: ^^ Foreign Currency Gap

Th4.3: ^^ Capital Flight

Th4.3: ^^ Demographic Factors

Th4.3: ^^ Access to Credit and Banking

Th4.3: ^^ Infrastructure

Th4.3: ^^ Infrastructure

Th4.3: ^^ Absence of Property Rights

Th4.3: ^^ Non-Economic Factors

Th4.3: Strategies Influencing Growth and Development

Th4.3: Market-Oriented Strategies

Th4.3: MOS - Trade Liberalisation

Th4.3: MOS - Promotion of FDI

Th4.3: MOS - Removal of Government Subsidies

Th4.3: MOS - Floating Exchange Rate Systems

Th4.3: MOS - Microfinance Schemes

Th4.3: MOS - Privatisation

Th4.3: Interventionist Strategies

Th4.3: IS - Development of Human Capital

Th4.3: IS - Protectionism

Th4.3: IS - Managed Exchange Rates

Th4.3: IS - Infrastructure Development

Th4.3: IS - Promoting Joint Ventures with Global Companies

Th4.3: IS - Buffer Stock Schemes

Th4.3: Other Strategies

Th4.3: OS - Industrialisation

Th4.3: OS - Development of Tourism

Th4.3: OS - Development of Primary Industries

Th4.3: OS - Fairtrade Schemes

Th4.3: OS - Aid

Th4.3: OS - Debt Relief

Th4.3: The World Bank

Th4.3: International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Th4.4: Role of Financial Markets

Th4.4: Role of the Financial Market

Th4.4: Market Failure in the Financial Sector

Th4.4: ^^ Asymmetric Information

Th4.4: ^^ Externalities

Th4.4: ^^ Moral Hazard

Th4.4: ^^ Speculation and Market Bubbles

Th4.4: ^^ Market Rigging

Th4.4: Role of the Central Bank

Th4.4: Financial Regulation

Th4.5: Public Expenditure

Th4.5: Types of Expenditure

Th4.5: Composition and Size of Public Expenditure

Th4.5: Impacts of Government Spending

Th4.5: ^^ Productivity and Growth

Th4.5: ^^ Living Standards

Th4.5: ^^ Crowding Out

Th4.5: ^^ Level of Taxation

Th4.5: ^^ Equality

Th4.5: Progressive, Proportional and Regressive Taxes

Th4.5: Impacts of Tax Changes

Th4.5: ^^ Incentives to Work

Th4.5: ^^ Tax Revenues

Th4.5: ^^ Income Distribution

Th4.5: ^^ Real Output and Employment

Th4.5: ^^ Price Level

Th4.5: ^^ Trade Balance

Th4.5: ^^ FDI Flows

Th4.5: Automatic Stabilisers and Discretionary Fiscal Policy

Th4.5: Fiscal Deficit and the National Debt

Th4.5: Distinction Between Structural and Cyclical Deficits

Th4.5: Factors Influencing the Size of Fiscal Deficits

Th4.5: Factors Influencing the Size of National Debts

Th4.5: The Significance of Fiscal and National Debts

Th4.5: Use of Policies

Th4.5: Reduce Fiscal Deficits and National Debts

UNFINISHED Th4.5: Reducing Poverty and Inequality

Th4.5: Changes in Interest Rate and Supply of Money

Th4.5: International Competitiveness

Th4.5: External Shocks

Th4.5: Transnational Companies

Th4.5: Regulation of Transfer Pricing

Th4.5: Ability to Control Global Companies

Th4.5: Problems Facing Policy Makers

International Competitiveness - Knowledge

International Competitiveness - Application

International Competitiveness - Analysis