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Neuro Block 4 > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the rostral wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

lamina terminalis

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2
Q

What is the origin of the lamina terminalis

A

rostral wall of original neural tube

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3
Q

What is positioned in the same plane as the lamina terminalis and what plane

A

same coronal plane as optic chiasm

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4
Q

What is the roof of the third ventricle

A

tela choroidea

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5
Q

What develops from the the tela choroidea

A

choroid plexus of lateral and third ventricle

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6
Q

What 4 main nuclear regions develop from the diencephalic wall

A 
thalamus
hypothalamus
Subthalamus (subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta)
Posteriorly positioned epithalamus 
(pineal gland and habenula)
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7
Q

Where is the anterior border of the thalamus

A

coronal plane through foramen of monroe

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8
Q

What is the caudal surface boundary of the thalamus

A

posterior commissure

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9
Q

what part of the third ventricle does the medial thalamus make up

A

superior part of the lateral walls

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10
Q

What is the inferior/ventral limit of the thalamus

A

hypothalamic sulcus

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11
Q

what borders the lateral boundary of the thalamus

A

mostly posterior limb of internal capsule

genu borders most rostral part though

(order posterior limb of internal capsule, reticular nucleus of the thalamus, external medulalary lamina)

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12
Q

What does the superior dorsal surface of the thalamus make up and what lines it

A

part of floor of the lateral ventricle

lined by thin tela choroidea

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13
Q

What is in the angle between the caudate nucleus and the superior surface of the thalamus

A

thalmostriate vein and axon bundle called stria terminalis

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14
Q

From what do the thalmostriate get blood

A

venous return from thalamus and striatum (caudate and putamen)

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15
Q

What makes up the internal cerebral veins

A

thalamostriate
anterior choroidal
septal veins

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16
Q

What do the internal cerebral veins merge to become

A

left and right become great vein of galen

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17
Q

What does the stria terminalis do

A

major tract linking the amygdala with other limbic structures

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18
Q

What is the role of the thalamus

A

integrate motor, sensory (somatic and visceral) and limbic info then decide how much the integrated info gets to stimulate the cortex

GATEWAY TO CEREBRAL CORTEX

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19
Q

What sensation does not first stop in the thalamus before going to the cortex

A

olfactory

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20
Q

What are the majority of thalamic neurons and what are the rest

A

75% projection neurons

Rest are inhibitory GABA interneurons

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21
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter used by thalamocortical projection axon fibers

A

glutamate

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22
Q

What interesting about the thalamic nuclei connections to cortex

A

all thalamic nuclei have reciprocal connections (via corticothalamic fibers) to the cortical regions they project to

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23
Q

What does reciprocal cortical input to the thalamus represent

A

regulatory input

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24
Q

What is the shape/orientation of the thalamus

A

egg shaped
narrow rostral pole
wider caudal pole

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25
What are the nuclei regions of the thalamus and what divides them
anterior medial lateral divisions (lateral further divided into ventral lateral and dorsal lateral divisions) divided by y shaped bunle of afferent and efferent axon fibers: internal medullary lamina
26
What nuclei are contained in the anterior nuclear region of the thalamus?
Anterior nucleus
27
What nuclei are contained in the medial nuclear region of the thalamus?
Dorsomedial
28
What nuclei are contained in the lateral dorsal tier nuclear region of the thalamus? Rostral to caudal
Lateral Dorsal Lateral Posterior Pulvinar
29
What nuclei are contained in the lateral Ventral tier nuclear region of the thalamus? Rostral to caudal
``` Ventral Anterior Venral Lateral Ventral Posterior (Post divided into VPM and VPL) Medial and Lateral Geniculate nuclei ```
30
What is contained within the internal medualary lamina
intralmaminar nuclei
31
what lies directly lateral to the lateral thalamic nucluei? And what then lies lateral to that? And then what lies lateral to that??
external Medullary lamina Reticular nucleus of the thalamus Posterior limb of internal capsule
32
What are the two general types of thalamic nuclei
relay and association
33
What are most thalamic nuclei (general type)
relay nuclei
34
What is the role of thalamic relay nuclei
recieve senosry motor and limbic input, process it and relay the info to primary sensory or motor cortices
35
Where do thalamic relay nuclei relay info to
primary sensory and motor coritices
36
What are the relay nuclei
Anterior nucleus Lateral Dorsal And all ventral tier lateral Nuclei
37
Where do the projections from the thalamus to the cortex travel? what is the exception
Posterior limb of the IPSILATERAL INTERNAL CAPUSLE excpt: reciprocal connections between the anterior nucleus and cerenbral cortex are in the ANTERIOR LIMB OF THE INTERNAL CAPSULE
38
What are the association nuceli of the thalamus
Dorsomeidial Lateral posterior Pulvinar
39
What is the role of the association nuclei?
recieve input from association cortices of the cerebrum
40
What do the association nuclei recieve from
input from association cortices of the cerebrum - prefrontal - all other lobes from (POT) except primary motor, somatosensory (3,1,2), visual(17), auditory(41), and limbic cortices
41
What is the main relay nucleus for the limbc system and where is it located
Anterior nucleus of thalamus between the bifurcated arms of the internal medullary lamina
42
What identifies the anterior nucleus on the thalmaus and where is it
anterior tubercule mound on anterior doorsal surface of thalamus caudal to foramen of monroe in LATERAL VENTRICLE
43
What afferent input does the anterior nucleus recieve
Mostly:IPSILATERAL direct and indirect input from hippocamppus
44
Where does the indirect input from the hippocampus to the anterior nucleus come from and is it ipsilateral or contralteral
from the ipsialateral mammillary body via the mammillothalamic tract Mammilary body gets limbic input via the fornix
45
How does the direct input from the hippocampus reach the anterior nucleus and is it ipsilateral or contralteral
via a myelinated fiber bundle called the fornix
46
What is the primary efferent input out of the anterior nucleus and where does it travel
to the primary limbic cortex (the cingulate gyrus) via the anterior limb of the internal capsule
47
What would result from lesions of the anterior nucleus and mamillothalamic tract and what does it sugest?
Behavioral deficits suggests plays important role in encoding memory and for sustained attention
48
In what notable disease would the anterior nucleus be affected
alzheimers disease
49
What is the largest and second largest nuclei of the thalamus
largest: pulvinar 2nd: dorsomedial
50
What seperates the medial nuclei group from the lateral nuclei group
internal medullary lamina
51
What type of general nuclei is the dorsomedial nuclei
association
52
What afferents does the dorsomedial nuclei receive
``` prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex limbic structures (includes basal ganglia like ventral pallidal nuclei) and olfactory structures ```
53
What does the prefrontal cortex convey to the dorsomedial nucleus
information related to foresight and affective emotional behaviors
54
What is the primary efferent projection of the dorsomedial nucleus
back to the prefrontal cortex
55
What would an isolated lesion to the dorsomedial nucleus cause
anterograd learning difficulty also reports of auditory and visual hallucinations related to schizophrenia
56
Which nuclei is the Lateral dorsal functionally related to and why
anterior nucleus recieves limbic afferent input and primary efferent to cingulate gyrus
57
Where does the lateral dorsal nuclei lie in the thalamus
lateral to the dorsal pole of the anterior nucleus
58
What is unique about the lateral dorsal and anterior nucleus with regard to thalamic nuclei
encapuslated by myelinated fibers
59
From where do the Pulvinar LP complex recieve input, and what is most of the input related to
parietal-occipital-temporal association corticies mot input related to visual information pertaining to visual perception and attention to visual stimuli
60
Where is the lateral posterior nucleus located (relative to lateral dorsal)
laterla to internal medullary lamina | posterior and ventral to lateral dorsal
61
Where is the pulvinar located
most posterior region of dorsal tier nuclei Posterior pole is dorsal to the geniculuate bodies and tectum of midbrain
62
What is the retinotopic input to the pulvinar LP complex from
afferent retinotopic input from superior colliculus | reciprocal retinotopic with 17,18,19 of occipital cortices
63
What does the connection between the pulvinar LP compelx represent
extrageniculate visual pathway
64
based on the retinotopic input where are the upper and lower retinals represented
Upper: dorsomedial (lower visual field) Lower: ventrolateral (upper visual field)
65
What 3 things is the pulvinar LP complex reciprocally connected to
visual association cortices of inferior parietal lobule visual association cortices of posterior superior temporal gyrus areas 17, 18, 19 of occiptial cortices
66
What type of nuclei is the ventral anterior and where does it lie
relay, lateral to the part of the internal medulary lamina that lines dorsomedial nucleus
67
What are the primary afferent inputs to the Ventral anterior nucleus
``` non overlapping inputs from IPSILATERAL GLOBUS PALLIDUS (via thalamic fasciculus) Substantia nigra (pars reticularis) Cerebral cortex (supplemental regions 6 and 8) ```
68
What are the primary efferents of the Ventral Anterior nucleus
to IPSILATERAL motor cortices of the cerebrum
69
What are the primary afferent inputs to the Ventral Lateral nucleus and what trac do they travel in
``` from IPSILATERAL GPi motor corticies CONTROLATERAL cerebellum (detate and interposed deep cerebellar nuclei) ``` VIA THALAMIC FASICULUS
70
What are the primary efferents of the Ventral LATERAL nucleus
TO CEREBRAL MOTOR CORTICES
71
What tracts feed into the VPM and VPL
secondary nerve aons from spinothalamic spinotrigeminal tract medial lemniscus
72
What input does the vpm recive
contralateral cranial nerves 5 7 and 10 an ipsilateral taste
73
Where do taste fibers terminate
ipsialteral ventromedial vpm
74
Where is the VPL located
between vpm medially and external medullary lamina laterally
75
What input does the VPL recieve
contralateral spinal nerve somato and viscerosensory modalities (pain temp touch etc)
76
what is the vpl somatotopic organization
cspin regions ventromedially | sacral cord regions dorsolaterally
77
what are the efferent pfojections of vpl and vpm
thalmic radiations to IPSILATERAL primary s1 and secondary s2 somatosensory cortices most travel in post limb of int capsule
78
what is the primary somataosensory cortex
postcentra gyrus of pairetal lobe
79
What is the medial geniculate nucleus role
auditory relay nucleus of the thalamus
80
What is the medial eniculate nuclues' affernt input
ipsilateral inferior colliculus | via brachiym of inferior colliculus
81
What are the efferent projections of the medial geniculate hnucleus
ipsilateral primary auditory cortex (41) ipsialateral auditory association cortex (22) both in superior temporal gyrus
82
What is the lateral geniculate nucleus role
visual relay nucleus of the thalamus
83
what is the primary affernt input to lateral geniculate nucleus
PRIMARY IS FROM RETINA | ALSO fibers from ipsilateral superior colliculus by brachium of sup collic
84
What does the superior colliculus recieve input from
ALSO RETINA (lat genic gets direct retina and indirect retina) visual cortical regions spinal cord via spiinaltectal tract
85
what is the primary effernt input of the lateral geniculate nucleus
to primary visula cortex 17 | on banks of calcarine fissure midsag surface occipital
86
What are the nuclei of the inernal medulary lamina and what is tehre general role
centromedian and parafascicular | regulator loops for motor cognitive and affective behavior
87
What do the intralaminar nuclei have a functional connection with
cortical and subcortical motor nuclei

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