The 4D's and Classification systems Flashcards
(10 cards)
How did Rosenhan(1973) show that the DSM was not valid?
He tested the validity of the diagnose by looking at how easily psychiatrists could be fooled by means of faking a single symptom
What is construct validity?
It is how far the constructs that are measures represent that mental disorder. For example, there is a lack of construct validity because mental disorders need to be operationalised
What is aetiological validity?
The extent to which a disorder has the same cause or causes as the patients symptoms/history
What is predictive validity?
The extent to which results from a test or study can predict future behaviour (e.g. Improvements after taking anti-depressants)
What is concurrent validity?
- Results of two tasks, done at the same time which focus on the same issue, come up with the same results.
- This suggests that they measure what they intend to claim to.
- One test can be use predict the outcome of another
Diagnosis can be considered reliable if…
One person said symptoms lead to a common diagnosis by other clinicians or doctors.
-it needs to have inter-rater reliability!
In some cases the issue may come from the patient rather than the clinician because…
The patient may over or under exaggerate symptoms or may not open up enough for a reliable diagnosis to occur.
Name 2 STUDIES that support the RELIABILITY of the DSM and 1 that doesn’t …
Strength:
Goldstein(1988)-
compared DSM 2 and 3, found similarities so concluded 4 and 5 are reliable
Brown et al (2001)-
Studied anxiety interviews and found good reliability in DSM 4 for anxiety disorder diagnosis
Weakness:
Kirk and Kutchins 1992)-
Argued methodological issues limited generalisability, ecological validity and reliability(since interviewers were not trained correctly). So even though reliability was found, it is in doubt.
Name 2 STUDIES that support the VALIDITY of the DSM and 1 REASON why it lacks validity …
Strength:
Kim - Cohen et al (2005)-
Disgnosis of conduct diorder in children, where they more likely to report their own anti-social behaviour and be disruptive. This behaviour would be expected if diagnosis was valid.
Lee (2006)-
Teacher opinion of child vs an ADHD diagnosis using the DSM 4. There was a match between measures so the DSM was valid.
Weakness:
Doesnt suit co-morbidity that well. It homes in on one diagnosis and does not do well for people with multiple issues regarding mental health.
Diagnosis may be seen as unreliable because…
Hint: Assessment method
Unstructed interviews are difficult to replicate and have different focuses for each researcher. Therefore subjectivity can occur making the result unreliable unless theres inter-rater reliability.
