The Actually Final

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The genetic concentration of an organism, the alleles it carries 

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The observable traits are characteristics of an organism resulting from an interaction of genotype in the environment

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

Different forms of genes can be dominant or recessive

Question 4

Homozygous

Answer 4

an organism that has two identical alleles for jeans AA aa

Question 5

Heterozygous

Answer 5

An organism that has two different alleles for gene Aa

Question 6

Dominant allele

Answer 6

I know we that expresses it traits even when only one copy is present

Question 7

Recessive allele

Answer 7

Unable that only expresses it trait when two copies are present

Question 8

Codominant

Answer 8

Both alleles contribute equally and visible to the organism phenotype

Question 9

Incomplete dominance

Answer 9

A situation where the heterozygous phenotype is a plant of two alleles

Question 10

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 10

A type of inheritance where multiple chains contribute to a single phenotype treat

Question 11

Sex linked traits

Answer 11

Traits that are associated with genes located on the sex chromosome

Question 12

How genotypes affect phenotype

Answer 12

Deciding the proteins that are synthesize, which intern affect the organism structure and function
EX the presence of a dominant allele for a gene role result in dominant trait being expressed in the phenotype recessive allele only fourth alleles are recessive

Question 13

Law of segregation

Answer 13

Each organism has two alleles for each gene, which separate during gamete formation or spring, inherits one allele from each parent

Question 14

Law of independent assortment

Answer 14

Alleles from different traits are inherited independently from one another leading to genetic diversity

Question 15

Monohybrid cross (Geno and phenotype ratio)

Answer 15

Crossing two heterozygous

Question 16

Dihybrid cross

Answer 16

Crossing two heterozygous from two traits

Question 17

Genetic linkage

Answer 17

Genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together.

Question 18

Independent Assortment

Answer 18

Genes located on different chromosomes segregate independently of each other during gamete formation.

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring within an organism

Question 20

ATP is the

Answer 20

The primary energy carrier in cells

Question 21

Catabolic reaction or exergonic reaction

Answer 21

Reactions that breakdown molecules and release energy (EX cellular respiration)

Question 22

Anabolic reaction or endogenic reaction

Answer 22

Reaction that builds molecules and requires energy (EX protein synthesis, protein synthesis)

Question 23

ATP consist of

Answer 23

adenine, a ribose (a sugar), and three phosphate groups

Question 24

ATP cycle involves

Answer 24

The hydrolysis is ATP to ADP+Pi ( exergonic energy released)
The synthesis of ATP from ATP+Pi (endergonic energy is consumed)

Question 25

First law of Thermodynamics

Answer 25

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed

Question 26

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 26

Entropy (disorder) increases in a system energy transformations are not 100% efficient

Question 27

Electron transport chain

Answer 27

A series of protein embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfers, electrons and pumps proteins to create a protein gradient

Question 28

Chemiosmosis

Answer 28

The process of using a protein gradient to drive ATP synthesis

Question 29

Redox

Answer 29

Refers to the reduction (gain of electrons) and oxidation (loss of electrons) of molecules

Question 30

NADH and FADH2

Answer 30

Carry high-energy electrons from catabolic reaction to the RTC, where they are transferred through proteins, ultimately leading to the production of ATP

Question 31

Proton gradient

Answer 31

Created by ETC powers by ATP synthase which produces ATP by phosphorylating ADP

Question 32

Oxygen’s Role in cellular respiration

Answer 32

Acts as the final electron acceptor in the ECT, forming water as a byproduct

Question 33

Biomolecule breakdown

Answer 33

Carbohydrates lipids and proteins are broken down into smaller molecules and provide electrons for ETC

Question 34

What are the key stages of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 34

Glycolysis, pyruvate, oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport, chain, and chemiosmosis

Question 35

Glycolysis in aerobic respiration

Answer 35

Breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate generating two ATP and 2 NADH

Question 36

Pyruvate oxidation in aerobic respiration

Answer 36

Pruit is converted into Acetyl-CoA, producing CO2 in NADH

Question 37

Citric acid cycle in aerobic respiration

Answer 37

Acetyl- CoA is further oxidized producing CO2 ATP NADH and FADH2

Question 38

Electron transport, chain and chemiosmosis in aerobic respiration

Answer 38

Produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Question 39

Fermentation

Answer 39

Occurs when oxygen is absent and produces to ATP (less efficient than aerobic respiration) it converts, pyruvate, antigalactic acid or ethanol

Question 40

Fermentation

Answer 40

Occurs when oxygen is absent and produces to ATP (less efficient than aerobic respiration) it converts, pyruvate, antigalactic acid or ethanol

Question 41

Chlorophyll

Answer 41

The pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Question 42

Light dependent reaction

Answer 42

The first stage of photosynthesis were light energy is used to make ATP and NADPH

Question 43

Calvin cycle

Answer 43

The second stage of photosynthesis where ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbon and produce glucose and CO2

Question 45

Biomass

Answer 45

Plants originate from the conversion of CO2 and organic molecules during the Calvin cycle

Question 46

Respiration

Answer 46

Produces ATP, consumes oxygen, releases CO2

Question 47

Photosynthesis

Answer 47

Uses light energy to produce glucose, consume CO2 release oxygen

Question 48

Role in carbon cycle

Answer 48

Photosynthesis and respiration regulate levels of CO2 in the atmosphere

Question 49

Chlorophyll

Answer 49

The pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis