The Alimentary Canal

Question 1

Overall what does the alimentary canal involve?

Answer 1

The breakdown and absorption of complex carbohydrates, proteins in fat molecules

Question 2

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

A continuous tube that makes up the digestive system

Question 3

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 3

The mechanical breakdown of food into small particles where the food is not chemically changed

Question 4

Define chemical digestion

Answer 4

The chemical breakdown of food into small molecules from large complex molecules

Question 5

What is the function or purpose of mechanical digestion

Answer 5

To increase surface area to volume ratio which allows more area for enzymes to act on

Question 6

What is the function of purpose of chemical digestion

Answer 6

In order for molecules to be absorbed

Question 7

Name the organs in order of digestion

Answer 7

Mouth oesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectem

Question 8

Where are the three types of mechanical digestion in the body

Answer 8

The mouth
The stomach
The small intestine

Question 9

Explain mechanical digestive in the mouth

Answer 9

Three types of human teeth

1) incisor- biting/ cutting
2) canine- Tearing
3) molars pre-molars- grinding

Question 10

How many of each type of teeth do humans have

Answer 10

Four incisors two canines 10 pre-molars on each jaw

Question 11

Why do carnivorus animals need large canines

Answer 11

tearing role is important

Question 12

Explain the chemical digester in the mouth

Answer 12

Saliva glands secrete saliva into the mouth which contains saliva amylase (breaks starch into disaccharides)

Question 13

Besides chemical digestion, what is the other functions of saliva in the mouth

Answer 13

Makes food slippery forming a bolus of food

Question 14

How is the the food moved throughout the system

Answer 14

by peristalsis- movement of contraction of smooth muscles which Squeezes the food along in a wave like motion in front of it

Question 15

Name the two sphincters of the stomach

Answer 15

The gastric and pyloric

Question 16

What is the stomach lining and what does it secretes

Answer 16

Mucosa, secretes gastric juice from gastric glands

Question 17

What is in gastric juice

Answer 17

Hydrochloric acid mucus and enzymes

Question 18

What is the function of mucus in the stomach

Answer 18

Protects lining from acid

Question 19

What are the functions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Answer 19

Create conditions for pepsin

Kill bacteria

Question 20

Explain chemical digester in the stomach

Answer 20

Pepsin breaks down protein into polypeptides

Question 21

Explain the mechanical digestion of the stomach

Answer 21

Contractions of the muscle allows the churning- breaks into smaller

Question 22

As the content leaves the stomach, what is it known as?

Answer 22

chyme

Question 23

What are the purposes of the sphincters

Answer 23

prevents contents form moving without peristalsis

Question 24

How long is the food in the stomach?

Answer 24

2-6 hours

Question 25

How long is the small intestine

Answer 25

6 m

Question 26

Name the three types of juices secreted into the duodenum and where they were made

Answer 26

Bile- made in liver, stored in gallbladder Pancreatic juice- made in pancreas Intestinal Juice- made and secreted from glands in lining

Question 27

What are the two things bile does

Answer 27

- Neutralizes acid | - Emulcifies fats (forms mechanical digestion in SA)

Question 28

Explain what enzymes are in Pancreatic juice and its substrates

Answer 28

- panc. amyl- (starch> disc) - trypsin- (polypeptides> peptides) - lipase (lipids> glycerol + fat. acids

Question 29

Explain what enzymes are in intestinal juice and its substrates

Answer 29

- peptidase- (peptides- amino acids) | - intestinal amy- (disc- monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Question 30

how long is Large int.

Answer 30

1.5 m

Question 31

Are there any digestive juices secreted?

Answer 31

nope

Question 32

What happens once in Lintestine

Answer 32

1) water absorbed (leaving semi solid waste) 2) bacteria breaks down remaining (some produce vitamins which are absorbed) 3) whats left= faeces 4) storage in rectum, sphincter, elimination

Question 33

Why is fibre needed?

Answer 33

needed for peristalsis, 'grab onto'

Question 34

What does faeces contain?

Answer 34

water, undigested food, bacteria,some minerals, bile pigments (give colour), cells from lining