Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy > The alimentary system > Flashcards

The alimentary system Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What type of epithelium does the oesophagus have?

A

Stratified squamous (non-keratinising) epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is in the submucosa?

A

Connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to the muscularis propria as the oesophagus reaches the stomach?

A

It changes from skeletal muscle in the top 1/3, to mixed in the middle 1/3, to smooth muscle in the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What main structure does the oesophagus lie posterior to?

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What muscle does the oesophagus pierce to gain access to the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what anatomical structure do the contents of the oesophagus pass into?

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is reflux prevented?

A

Lower oesophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anatomically, where is the stomach located?

A

left hypochondriac and can extend into the epigastric region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which major branch of the abdominal aorta supplies arterial blood to the stomach?

A

Coeliac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is unusual about the muscle layers in the stomach wall?

A

3 layers - outer longitudinal, inner circular and innermost oblique layers of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After the stomach plays its part in digestion, what anatomical structure do digestive products pass to?

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is produced by the mucous cells and what is the function of that?

A

Mucous! protection of epithelial surfaces from HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is produced by chief cells?

A

Pepsinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is produced by the parietal cells and what is the function of that?

A

HCl, and serves to denature proteins and activates pepsinogen (which in turn converts to pepsin to break specific peptide bonds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is produced by the endocrine cells and what is the function of that?

A

Gastrin, and this stimulates pepsinogen and acid production and enhances gut motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do digestive products pass to after the stomach?

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the sphincter in the duodenum region called?

A

Sphincter of oddi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What secretions enter the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla?

A

Pancreatic secretions and bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do digestive products pass to after the duodenum?

A

Jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

Exocrine and endocrine secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the pancreatic secretions do?

A

Exocrine secretions break down peptides and endocrine secretions primarily regulate blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do pancreatic secretions empty?

A

Second part of the duodenum via he sphincter of oddi with bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anatomically, what terms are used to describe the liver’s location?

A

Right hypochondrium extending into the epigastric region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Approximately what is the weight of a normal liver?
1.5kg
26
What are the functions of the liver?
Metabolism, storage of glycogen, release of glucose, inactivation of hormones and drugs, excretion of waste, production of bile, platelet production (blood clotting)
27
What are the four lobes of the liver called?
Left, right, caudate and quadrate
28
After the stomach plays its part in digestion, what anatomical structure do the digestive products pass to?
The duodenum
29
Anatomically, where is the spleen located?
Left hypochindrium
30
What is the arterial supply to the spleen?
Splenic artery
31
Why is the arterial supply to the spleen so tortuous?
To ensure a regular supply instead of being pulsaltile
32
What is the function of the spleen? Can you survive without one?
Identifying, removing and destroying old red blood cells. It can also store blood cells and platelets. Yes!
33
What are the main components of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum and ileum
34
What is the function of the small intestine>
Digestion and absorbtion
35
What is the arterial supply to the small intestine?
Superior mesenteric artery
36
What epithelial surface specialisations does the small intestine have that helps its function?
Villi
37
How would a surgeon differentiate large from a small intestine?
The large intestine has omental appendices (fatty tags), hausfrau (sacculations of the bowel wall) and taeni coli (longitudinal bands of muscle)
38
What part of the intestine does the caecum belong to?
Large intestine
39
What controls secretions into the caecum?
Ileo-caecal valve?
40
What is the role of the caecum?
Fluid absorption and the commencement of the fermentation of fibre and lipids, gas production and synthesis of some vitamins
41
What is the function of the appendix?
none
42
What are the different components of the large intestine called?
Caecum, appendix, ascending, transverse and descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal
43
What is the arterial supply to the large intestine?
Up until the first 2/3 of the transverse colon, this is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. From there on the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the rest of the large intestine
44
What are the four histological layers of the small intestine?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria and adventitia
45
What type of epithelium is found in the small intestine?
Simple columnar epithelium
46
What is the function of the small intestine?
Digestion and absorption
47
What surface specialisation is present in the small intestine?
villi
48
What is a lacteal?
It is a vessel which absorbs fat in the small intestine
49
What two cell types comprise the colonic glands?
Absorptive cells and mucous secreting goblet cells
50
Where does faecal material pass to after the colon?
Rectum to anal canal to external
51
What are the two types of epithelium found at the recto-anal junction?
Simple columnar epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium
52
What are the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?
Pancreatic enzymes (exopeptidase and endopeptidases)
53
Where do the exocrine secretions pass to to perform their function?
Second part of the duodenum
54
What are the endocrine secretions of the pancreas?
Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin
55
Where to endocrine secretions pass to perform their function?
Bloodstream
56
What name is given to the endocrine portion of the pancreas histologically?
Islets of Langerhan's
57
What are liver cells called?
Hepatocytes
58
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Storage and concentration of bile
59
What is the arterial supply to the gall bladder?
Cystic artery
60
Wear main vessel dos the specific arterial supply of the gall bladder arise from?
Coeliac trunk
61
What are gall stones?
Crystallised masses that can contain abundant cholesterol, pigment or a combination of both

anatomy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions