The Amazing Wonders of the Brain

Question 1

3 Primary Divisions of the Brain

Answer 1

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Question 2

Forebrain Parts

Answer 2

Cortex (Cerebral Hemispheres, Corpus Callosum)
Basal ganglia
Limbic system

Question 3

Midbrain Parts

Answer 3

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Olfactory bulbs
Hypothalamus

*sensory and motor functions

Question 4

Hindbrain Parts (Lower)

Answer 4

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Reticular Formation

Question 5

• Controls life-sustaining functions: heartbeat, breathing, swallowing
• Great damage = death
• First “swelling” located at the top of spinal column
• Sensory nerves coming from left & right cross over, left info goes to right brain vv

Answer 5

Medulla

Question 6

• ____ means “bridge” between cerebellum and upper brain sections
• Crossover of motor nerves information
• Left-right body movement coordination
• Sleep, dreaming, arousal
• Larger “swelling” above the medulla, big bump in the brain stem

Answer 6

Pons

Question 7

• Network of neurons running through the middle of the medulla and the pons
• Selective attention, alertness to change in information
• Implicated in comas in humans

Answer 7

Reticular Formation

Question 8

• Stimulates the upper part of the brain, keeping people alert and awake
• Car swerving in front of you, mother hearing her baby cry at night

Answer 8

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Question 9

• Controls all involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement, posture, balance (walking, skating, dancing, musical instrument)
• Reflexes, skills, habits (automatic)
• Little brain: base of the skull, behind pons

Answer 9

Cerebellum

Question 10

• Damaged cerebellum: tremors, unsteady walk, slurred speech, dizziness, muscle weakness
• Unable to walk, stand, move spoon

Answer 10

Spinocerebellar degeneration

Question 11

Influence motor control and learning motor skills

Answer 11

Basal ganglia

Question 12

Cognitive and emotional processing

Answer 12

Cingulate cortex

Question 13

Limbic

Answer 13

“Limbus” or margin

Question 14

Limbic system (Midbrain)

Answer 14

Amygdala
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Cingulate Cortex
Olfactory bulbs

Question 15

“Inner chamber”

Answer 15

Thalamus

Question 16

Controls the pituitary, so the overall control of hormones is done by it

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

Greek “seahorse,” forming long-term (permanent) memories)

Answer 17

Hippocampus

Question 18

“Almond” : fear response and memory of fear

Answer 18

Amygdala

Question 19

Monkey no amygdala unafraid of snakes and humans
Rats unafraid of cats

Answer 19

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Question 20

Hearing, vision: transmitted to both sides of brain

Answer 20

Bilaterally

Question 21

Taste, smell: one side of the brain

Answer 21

Ipsilaterally

Question 22

Process visual info

Answer 22

Primary visual cortex

Question 23

Identify and make sense of visual info, with temporal and parietal

Answer 23

Visual association cortex

Question 24

Touch, temp, body position
cells at top receive info from bottom
cells at bottom of the brain receive info from highest (e.g. mouth)

Answer 24

Somatosensory cortex

Question 25

Primary auditory cortex, auditory association area

Answer 25

Temporal lobes

Question 26

* ability to consider future outcomes, control current behavior to achieve goals * associated with disorders of executive function: ADHD

Answer 26

PFC prefrontal cortex (in frontal lobe)

Question 27

Getting stuck on one step in a process, repeating same movement over and over (damage in frontal lobe)

Answer 27

Perseveration

Question 27

Controls voluntary movements, send out info to PNS

Answer 27

Motor cortex

Question 28

Neurons that fire when we do an action, or watch others do it

Answer 28

Mirror neurons

Question 29

Childbirth, milk letdown reflex oxys "rapid" toxos "childbirth" "love hormone, trust hormone"

Answer 29

Oxytocin

Question 30

Hormone help conserve water in body

Answer 30

Vasopressin

Question 31

Growth hormone, oxytocin, vasopressin Master gland

Answer 31

Pituitary gland