The American and French Revolutions

Question 1

King George III

Answer 1

George III was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death.

Question 2

Taxation without representation

Answer 2

“No Taxation Without Representation” is a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution.

Question 3

The Stamp Act

Answer 3

The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship’s papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed.

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

George Washington was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States

Question 5

Redcoats

Answer 5

a British soldier

Question 6

Continental Army

Answer 6

The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America

Question 7

Seven Year War

Answer 7

The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763.

Question 8

Loyalists

Answer 8

The Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.

Question 9

Patriots

Answer 9

Patriots (also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs) were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation.

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 10

Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

Question 11

Declaration of Independence

Answer 11

The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776

Question 12

The Three Estates

Answer 12

France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). The king was considered part of no estate. The First Estate (Fr. premier état) was the clergy.

Question 13

Louis XV

Answer 13

Louis XV, known as Louis the Beloved, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five.

Question 14

Marie Antoinette

Answer 14

Marie Antoinette, was the last Queen of France prior to the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria, and was the fifteenth and second youngest child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

Question 15

Versailles

Answer 15

The Palace of Versailles, Château de Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France region of France

Question 16

National Assembly

Answer 16

During the French Revolution, the National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale), which existed from June 13, 1789 to July 9, 1789, was a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (the common people) of the Estates-General; thereafter (until replaced by the Legislative Assembly on Sept.

Question 17

Estates General

Answer 17

the legislative body in France until 1789, representing the three estates of the realm (i.e., the clergy, the nobility, and the commons).

Question 18

Declaration of Rights of Man

Answer 18

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, passed by France’s National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.

Question 19

Constitution of 1791

Answer 19

Constitution of 1791, French constitution created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution. It retained the monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly, which was elected by a system of indirect voting

Question 20

Emigres

Answer 20

a person who has left their own country in order to settle in another, usually for political reasons.

Question 21

Radicals

Answer 21

person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims.

Question 22

Moderates

Answer 22

a person who holds moderate views, especially in politics.

Question 23

Conservatives

Answer 23

a person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitudes, typically in relation to politics

Question 24

Reign of Terror

Answer 24

The Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 – 28 July 1794), also known as The Terror (French: la Terreur), was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and Jacobins,

Question 25

Jacobins

Answer 25

a member of a democratic club established in Paris in 1789. The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution, and in association with Robespierre they instituted the Terror of 1793–4.

Question 26

Maximillian Robespierre

Answer 26

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a French lawyer and politician. He was one of the best-known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror

Question 27

Guillotine

Answer 27

A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame in which a weighted and angled blade is raised to the top and suspended.

Question 28

Conscription

Answer 28

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

Question 29

Coup

Answer 29

a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.

Question 30

The Directory

Answer 30

a book listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or thematically with details such as names, addresses, and telephone numbers.

Question 31

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 31

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars

Question 32

Counter-Revolutionary

Answer 32

engaged in or promoting a revolution that opposes a previous one or reverses its results.

Question 33

Napoleonic Code

Answer 33

The Napoleonic Code (French: Code Napoléon, and officially Code civil des Français) is the French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804. It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on 21 March 1804.

Question 34

The Consulate Waterloo

Answer 34

The Battle of Waterloo, which took place in Belgium on June 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of French military leader and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), who conquered much of continental Europe in the early 19th century.

Question 35

Nationalism

Answer 35

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts

Question 36

Duke of Wellington

Answer 36

Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain.

Question 37

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 37

On 20 June 1789, the members of the French Estates-General for the Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath, vowing "not to separate,

Question 38

Bastille

Answer 38

The Bastille (French pronunciation: ​[bastij]) was a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine. It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France.