The ANs pt 2

Question 1

what is considered as “Normal” activity through homeostatic mechanisms?

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

what happens when there is sypathetic activation?

Answer 2

activation of the entire sympathetic nervous system(crisis managment)

Question 3

in which ANS division does pupil constriction occur?

Answer 3

PSNS

Question 4

in which ANS division is there an increase in digestive activity–secretion and peristalsis

Answer 4

PSNS

Question 5

Increase in anabolic activities (insulin release)?

Answer 5

PSNS

Question 6

Reduced metabolic function like heart rate and respiration?

Answer 6

PSNS

Question 7

sexual arousal?

Answer 7

PSNS

Question 8

what is the NT in cholinergic receptors?

Answer 8

acetylcholine

Question 9

what happens with nicitinic receptors?

Answer 9

Ach binding–> sodium channels open up(excitatory)–> depolarization

Question 10

what happens with muscarenic receptors?

Answer 10

Ach binding–>G-protein activation–> activation or inhibition of effectory cell activity vis secondary messengers

Question 11

What are the NT’s that are apart of sympathetic adrengergic receptors?

Answer 11

Epinephrine and noreprinphrine

Question 12

what are the two types of cholinergic recpetors for the sympathetic division?

Answer 12

sweat gland–muscarnaric
adrenal medullae–nicotinic

Question 13

what do alpha 1 receptors do?

Answer 13

bind to NE or E, stimulate calcium release from ER, are usually excitatory of contraction and secretion

Question 14

what do alpha 2 receptors do?

Answer 14

decrease in cAMP levels, and are usually inhibitory for things like digesting food

Question 15

what do beta receptors do?

Answer 15

bind to E or NE and increase cAMP levels in target cells

Question 16

what do beta 1 receptors do?

Answer 16

they are excitatory and do things like increase cardiac contraction

Question 17

what do beta 2 receptors do ?

Answer 17

smooth muscle relaxation like respiratory smooth muscle relaxation (vasodialation/bronchodialiation)

Question 18

what do beta 3 receptors do?

Answer 18

stimulates liolysis in adipocytes

Question 19

how is E and NE degraded?

Answer 19

MOA(neurons), COMT(tissues), and liver (circulation

Question 20

what is dual innervation?

Answer 20

opposing (antagonistic) effect at effectors

Question 21

where is dual innervation present?

Answer 21

at most visceral organs(digestive tract, hear, lungs, eyes)

Question 22

what is autonomic tone?

Answer 22

when there are two controlable “gas/brake pedals” in operation at all times

Question 23

what is single innervation?

Answer 23

where only the PSNS or SNS control an effector(like vasoconstriction or reproductive activity)

Question 24

what are the four major autonomic control centers?

Answer 24

cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain/brainstem, and spinal cord

Question 25

ANS control center cerebral cortex

Answer 25

emotions can influence ANS activity (limbic system)- fear, anxiety, arousal

Question 26

ANS control center hypothalamus

Answer 26

primary control center for ANS activity

Question 27

ANS control center midbrain/brainstem

Answer 27

cardiovascular conrol and visceral reflexes(swallowing, sweating, GI, and pupils)

Question 28

ANS control center spinal cord(short reflexes)

Answer 28

urinating, defacation, sexual function