The Approaches Flashcards
(25 cards)
Name the different types of conditioning
Classic and Operant
Describe the key features of classic conditioning
uses an unconditioned stimulus paired with a new stimulus until an association is built up. They now become a conditioned stimulus which creates a conditioned response
Describe the features of operant conditioning
Uses positive and negative reinforcement and punishment to condition responses through consequences for actions
Name the 4 approaches
Behaviorism, Psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive
What was Ivan Pavlov’s experiment about
Testing the use of classic conditioning on dogs
What was Skinner’s box about
The box contained a rat which was used as a test subject for operant conditioning
What is Behaviorism
Behaviorists believe that our behaviors are all conditioned into us by the environment
What is Social Learning theory
A theory which states we learn through observation and modeling of others behaviors
Who pioneered social learning theory
Albert Bandura
Describe the Bobo Doll experiment
three groups of children were shown a positive, negative and neutral role model playing with a toy. They were then asked to play with the toy and the results were recorded.
What were the results of the bobo doll experiment
The kids modeled the behavior of role model they observed
How many kids were in the bobo doll experiment
72 kids between the ages of 3 and 6 divided into 3 equal groups
When did the bobo doll experiment occur and what was the follow up
1960 and a second in 1963. The second experiment used recordings of models and found the same results
What is psychodynamics
The theories established by sigmund freud and his followers
Describe the Iceberg theory
This theory explains that the mind is in three parts, conscious, pre-conscious and unconscious.
What is the role of the conscious, pre-conscious and unconscious
The conscious is our awareness, short term memory and immediate response. The Pre-conscious is all of our recallable knowledge but not at the forefront of the mind without being triggered. The unconscious is a vast reserve of feelings and memories kept repressed from the conscious mind, it also contains our instincts.
What is a Freudian slip
A slip of the tongue that shows what our unconscious mind thinks
Explain three part psyche theory
Sigmund Freud stated that our mind is broken into the Id, Ego and Super ego.
Explain the Id
The id is with us from birth and represents raw instincts. It wants instant gratification and seeks pleasure with no logic.
Explain the Ego
The Ego develops at 2-3 years. It is in charge of decision making and is completely pragmatic. It uses learned consequences to balance the id and super ego.
Explain the super ego
The super ego develops at 5 years and is our sense of morality. It seeks perfection and is in constant conflict with the Id. It also has no logic.
What is Humanism
Humanism is an approach that emphasis the person. It believes in free will and that only the individual can fully interpret their own experiences. We must use the experiences in order to grow and achieve self actualization.
Describe Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
It states that there are stages to our growth, we must be fulfilled in a particular stage in order to progress to the next one.
Name all of Maslow’s needs
Physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, self actualization
