The Approaches: The Cognitive Approach

Question 1

According to the cognitive approach what does our mind work like?

Answer 1

A computer

Question 2

How is the cognitive approach different to the behaviorist approach?

Answer 2

The cognitive approach suggests we actively process and organise information WHEREAS the behaviourist approach suggests we passively respond to stimuli

Question 3

What is meant by ‘inferences’

Answer 3

Going beyond the immediate evidence to draw logical assumptions about internal mental processes

Question 4

Describe the three-stage process of the computer model

Answer 4

INPUT (info from env.) –> PROCESS (we interpret) —-> OUTPUT (behaviour)

Question 5

What is one benefit of using models according to the cognitive approach?

Answer 5

They provide testable theories about mental processing and can be studied scientifically

Question 6

What is meant by ‘schemas’?

Answer 6

Mental representations

Question 7

How are ‘schemas’ created?

Answer 7

Experience

Question 8

Where are ‘schemas’ held?

Answer 8

In our LTM

Question 9

Name one reason why schemas are beneficial

Answer 9

• Can help us predict what might happen
• Help us make quick decisions
• Prevent us from being overwhelmed

Question 10

Name one reason why schemas may not be beneficial

Answer 10

• Biased recall / EWT; we will recall what we expect to see
• Negative schemas may make an individual vulnerable to depression

Question 11

What are the three parts of the computer model?

Answer 11

Input
Processing
Output

Question 12

What part of the depression topic is an example of the a computer model?

Answer 12

Ellis ABC Model

Question 13

Name one example of a theoretical model?

Answer 13

Multi-store model

Question 14

What is a theoretical model?

Answer 14

Models can be used to provide testable theories about mental processing and can be studied scientifically and inferences made.

Question 15

Cognitive neuroscience is scientific study of brain/neurological structures, mechanisms, processes, chemistry that are responsible for

Answer 15

Cognitive/mental/thinking processes

Question 16

Cognitive neuroscience has developed because of changes in technology. Name two brain imaging techniques used by cognitive neuroscientists?

Answer 16

fMRI and PET scans

Question 17

Cognitive neuroscience works by comparing what and what do they want to identify

Answer 17

People with a disorder to those without a disorder to identify the physical basis for cognitive processes in the brain

Question 18

Cognitive neuroscience argue which types of models are important to understand how individuals think?

Answer 18

Computer Models

Question 19

Tulving used brain scans where he asked participants to complete tasks that used which two types of Long Term Memory (LTM)?

Answer 19

Episodic and semantic memory

Question 20

Tulving argued that the two parts of LTM are located on opposite sides of which brain area?

Answer 20

Pre-frontal cortex

Question 21

Think about DREAMS. What AO3 points could you use?

Answer 21

Practical Applications
Soft Determinism
Scientific Methods