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the atlantic slave trade Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Triangular Trade?

A

A three-part trade system linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving goods, slaves, and raw materials.

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2
Q

How did the slave trade affect British ports like Liverpool and Bristol?

A

It boosted their economies through shipbuilding, trade, and jobs related to the slave industry.

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3
Q

How did the slave trade affect African societies?

A

It caused instability, warfare, population loss, and disruption of societies like the Ashanti.

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4
Q

What were slave ‘factories’ on the African coast?

A

Holding facilities where enslaved people were kept before being transported.

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5
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

The horrific sea journey enslaved Africans endured from Africa to the Americas.

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6
Q

Why were tropical crops like sugar important?

A

They were highly profitable and in demand in Europe.

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7
Q

How did Britain influence the Caribbean?

A

Through colonization, plantation systems, and controlling trade and governance.

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8
Q

What was the impact of Caribbean trade on the British economy?

A

It supported industries like banking, shipping, and textiles.

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9
Q

What negative impacts did slavery have on the Caribbean?

A

It stunted economic development and caused long-term social issues.

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10
Q

What was another form of labour on Caribbean islands?

A

Indentured servitude is a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years.

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11
Q

What were living and working conditions like on plantations?

A

Harsh, with long hours, poor housing, and little food.

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12
Q

How were enslaved people disciplined?

A

The punishments took many forms, including whippings, torture, mutilation, imprisonment, and being sold away from the plantation

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13
Q

What were common forms of resistance on plantations?

A

Work slowdowns, sabotage, escape, and maintaining cultural practices.

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14
Q

What were slave revolts?

A

Armed uprisings against enslavers, often violently suppressed.

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15
Q

What sparked the abolitionist movement?

A

Growing humanitarian and religious concerns about slavery.

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16
Q

How did support for abolition grow?

A

Through campaigning, public awareness, and debates in Parliament.

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17
Q

Who was William Wilberforce?

A

A leading MP who fought to end the slave trade in Britain.

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18
Q

What arguments did abolitionists use?

A

Christian morals, human rights, and economic inefficiency.

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19
Q

What methods did abolitionists use?

A

Public meetings, distributing evidence (e.g. Clarkson), and publishing personal accounts.

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20
Q

How did enslaved Africans help the abolitionist cause?

A

Through revolts, escape stories, and personal testimonies.

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21
Q

What arguments were used for the slave trade?

A

Economic benefits for cities, MPs, and planters.

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22
Q

How did the French Revolution affect the abolition movement?

A

It inspired calls for liberty and equality, influencing British debates.

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23
Q

What led to the eventual success of abolition?

A

Public opinion, Parliamentary debate, and economic changes.

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24
Q

how long did the middle passage last

A

over 38 days

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25
What was the purpose of enslaved people looking presentable at auctions?
To fetch a high price at auction ## Footnote Presentability was crucial for increasing the perceived value of enslaved individuals.
26
How were enslaved people prepared for auction?
They were scrubbed harshly, removing a layer of skin, and had oil applied to look healthier ## Footnote This harsh scrubbing often left their skin red and raw.
27
What was done to scars, boils, or open wounds on enslaved people before auction?
They were scrubbed and filled with hot tar to hide them ## Footnote This was a deceptive practice to enhance appearance.
28
In what condition were enslaved people typically displayed for plantation owners?
Usually naked and subject to invasive examinations ## Footnote This display was to assess their physical condition closely.
29
What determined the price an enslaved person fetched at auction?
* Physical condition * The island they landed on * Number of other slave ships in the port ## Footnote These factors influenced the perceived value of each individual.
30
What happened to enslaved people who were not sold at auction?
They were sold for a fixed price in a scramble ## Footnote This scramble allowed plantation owners to grab as many enslaved people as possible.
31
What was the fate of enslaved individuals left over at the end of the auction process?
They were usually left to die on the docks or bought by doctors for profit ## Footnote Doctors would nurse them back to health before reselling.
32
Fill in the blank: Enslaved people were placed on the _______ and went to the highest bidder.
auction block ## Footnote This was a common practice in the auctioning of enslaved individuals.
33
How many hours were enslaved people typically forced to work?
12 hours and longer at harvest time
34
How many days a week did enslaved people work?
7 days a week
35
What type of work was often performed by enslaved people on sugar plantations?
Backbreaking work that could be dangerous
36
Who closely monitored enslaved people while they worked?
Overseers
37
What would happen to enslaved people if they did not work hard or fast enough?
They would be whipped
38
Were all enslaved people expected to work regardless of age?
Yes
39
What types of roles could enslaved people have?
* Field hands * Domestic help
40
Describe the housing situation for enslaved people.
Very basic; often had to build their own shelters
41
What happened to enslaved families when they were bought and sold?
They were split up and separated
42
What was the quality of food provided to enslaved people?
Poor quality; rarely given meat
43
What diseases were common among enslaved people?
Dysentery
44
What was the medical treatment situation for enslaved people?
Little or no medical treatment
45
What could happen to enslaved people if they disobeyed their owners?
They could be beaten as a warning to others
46
Who was William Wilberforce?
A member of Parliament who campaigned against the slave trade ## Footnote Elected in 1780, he made speeches to gain publicity for abolition.
47
What did Wilberforce use to persuade Parliament?
Evidence gathered by abolitionists ## Footnote This evidence aimed to show the injustices of the African slave trade.
48
How long did Wilberforce campaign for the abolition of the slave trade?
18 years ## Footnote He started in 1789 and persisted until the trade was abolished in 1807.
49
What significant event occurred in 1807?
Parliament abolished the slave trade ## Footnote This was after extensive campaigning by Wilberforce and others.
50
Who was Thomas Clarkson?
An abolitionist who collected evidence about the conditions on slave ships ## Footnote His work shocked the British public and highlighted the impact of the slave trade.
51
What emblem did Josiah Wedgewood create for the abolitionist movement?
A seal showing an African man kneeling with chains ## Footnote The words ‘Am I not a man and a brother?’ were included.
52
What was John Newton's role in the abolitionist movement?
Former slave ship captain who campaigned against the slave trade ## Footnote He wrote the pamphlet ‘Thoughts upon the African Slave Trade’ and the song Amazing Grace.
53
Who were the Sons of Africa?
A group of escaped Africans who wrote about their experiences ## Footnote Included Olaudah Equiano and Ottabah Cugoano.
54
What did Olaudah Equiano publish?
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano ## Footnote This book raised awareness about the brutality of slavery.
55
Which Christian group condemned slavery in the late 1700s?
Quakers ## Footnote They argued that slavery was against Christian teachings.
56
What did Evangelicals believe regarding slavery?
It was the greatest sin against God's will ## Footnote They played a major role in turning public opinion against slavery.
57
Fill in the blank: Many abolitionists such as Wilberforce, Clarkson, and Newton were _______.
Evangelicals ## Footnote Their faith motivated their opposition to slavery.
58
What change in public opinion contributed to the abolition of the slave trade?
A revival of interest in religion led people to view the slave trade as morally wrong and inhumane, recognizing Africans as fellow human beings.
59
How did economic circumstances influence the abolition of the slave trade?
The trade was becoming less profitable, and protests like sugar boycotts caused financial harm to businesses.
60
What role did Parliament play in the abolition of the slave trade?
William Wilberforce and other lobbyists kept the issue in parliamentary debate for years.
61
How did revolts by enslaved people impact the movement for abolition?
Successful revolts in the West Indies pressured plantation owners to consider paid labor as a safer alternative to enslavement.
62
What key pieces of legislation marked the abolition of the slave trade and slavery?
The British government abolished the slave trade in 1807 and slavery itself in 1834 across the British Empire.
63
what was taken from europe to the west africa
text tiles, metal goods and beads
64
what was taken from the west africa to the caribbean
sugar, rum, and molasses
65
what was taken fro the caribbean to europe
cotton and tobacco

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