The Atmosphere

Question 1

Height of the Troposphere at the poles

Answer 1

30,000 ft

Question 2

Height of the Troposphere at the equator

Answer 2

60,000 ft

Question 3

Layer of atmosphere most flying happens in

Answer 3

Troposphere

Question 4

How much of each gas in the atmosphere

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Other

Answer 4

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Other - 1%

Question 5

What unit?

Force is measured in?

Answer 5

Newtons (N)

Question 6

What unit?

Mass is measured in?

Answer 6

Kilogram (Kg)

Question 7

What value and unit?

Gravity constant is measured in?

Answer 7

9.81 m/s^2

Question 8

M F A
Mass = Force / Acceleration

General Knowledge

Answer 8

REMEMBER:
Enforce MultiFactor Authentication

Question 9

What is the definition of pressure?

Answer 9

Amount of force spread over an area

Question 10

Equation for pressure

General Knowledge

Answer 10

Pressure = Force / Area

Question 11

What is the pressure of the following flight levels?

Sea Level
5000
10,000
20,000
30,000
35,000

Answer 11

Sea Level - 1013
5000 - 840
10,000 - 700
20,000 - 466
30,000 - 300
35,000 - 240

Question 12

Why does an aircraft have a “ceiling” altitude?

Answer 12

At altitude, air pressure is reduced.
1% difference of pressure on upper surface of wing at 20,000ft is less than 1% difference at sea level
Wings can therefore lift less weight at higher altitudes

Question 13

What are the values of ISA at sea level?

Temperature
Density
Pressure

Answer 13

1. Temperature - 15 C
2. Density - 1.225 kg/m^3
3. Pressure - 1013.2 hPa

Question 14

What are the values of ISA lapse rates?

Temperature lapse rate
Pressure reduction (up to ????? ft)

Answer 14

Temperature: -1.98 C per 1000 ft
Pressure: 1 hPa per 30 ft up to 20,000 ft

Question 15

Which gas law is defined below?

At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure

Answer 15

Boyles Law (PV = K1)

P = pressure (Pa)
V = Volume (m^3)
K1 = Constant (Joules)

If a contained with fixed amount of molecules inside is reduced in volume, more molecules hit the sides, causing greater pressure

Question 16

Which gas law is defined below?

The volume of gas at a constant pressure is directly propotional to its absolute temperature

Answer 16

Charles Law (V = K2T)
T = Absolute temperature (Kelvin)
K2 = Constant produced

Question 17

Which gas law is defined below?

The pressure of an atmosphere is simply the sum of pressures of the individual gases within the atmosphere

Answer 17

Daltons Law (Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + Pn)
Ptotal = sum of all pressures
Pn = Individual pressure

Question 18

Which gas law is defined below?

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the gas pressure outside of the liquid.
If the pressure of a liquid is reduced, then the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will reduce

Answer 18

Henerys Law (P = Kh C)
P = partial pressure
C = concentration of the solute
Kh = Constant with dimensions of pressure divided by concentration

Question 19

Remember the gas laws

Boil (Boyle) at constant temperature
King Charles under pressure (constant pressure)
Dalton needs to Pee
Henry drinks coke (pressure liquid)

General Knowledge

Question 20

What happens to air density with an increse in altitude?

Answer 20

Becomes less dense

Question 21

What happens to air density with an increase in temperature?

Answer 21

Air becomes less dense

Cold = Dense = Thicker
Warm = Less Dense = Thinner

Question 22

Moist (humid) air contains MORE or LESS water vapour than dry air?

Answer 22

MORE

Question 23

Water vapour is MORE or LESS dense than air?

Answer 23

LESS

Question 24

Humid air weights MORE or LESS than dry air?

Answer 24

LESS

Question 25

The amount of water vapour that air can contain is dependent on what?

Answer 25

Temperature

Question 26

Air of HIGHER temperature can contain MORE or LESS water vapour?

Answer 26

MORE

Question 27

Air of LOWER temperature can contain MORE or LESS water vapour?

Answer 27

LESS

Question 28

# Engine Power LESS dense air means MORE or LESS oxygen? What does this do to power available?

Answer 28

LESS oxygen LESS power

Question 29

# Engine Power MORE dense air means MORE or LESS oxygen? What does this do to power available?

Answer 29

MORE oxygen MORE power

Question 30

# Aerodynamic Lift LESS dense air means MORE or LESS lift?

Answer 30

LESS lift

Question 31

What is Boyles Law

Answer 31

At a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is **inversely proportional** to its pressure ## Footnote Pressure increases, volume decreases

Question 32

What is Charles Law

Answer 32

It a constant pressure, the volume of gas is directly **proportional** to its absolute temperature. ## Footnote If temperature increases, volume increases

Question 33

What is Henrys Law

Answer 33

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is **proportional** to the gas pressure outside of the liquid. If the pressure of a liquid is reduced, then the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will reduce ## Footnote Think about the squeezed bottle and water. Release the bottle cap, the water turns into cloud

Question 34

What is Daltons Law

Answer 34

The pressure of an atmosphere is simply the sum of pressures of the individual gases within the atmosphere ## Footnote Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3

Question 35

What is Newtons 1st Law

Answer 35

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force ## Footnote Object at rest or in motion = CONSTANT

Question 36

What is Newtons 2nd Law

Answer 36

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied ## Footnote Mass = Force / Acceleration Heavier the object, more force required to move it at the same acceleration as a lighter object

Question 37

What is Newtons 3rd Law

Answer 37

Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite on the first ## Footnote Opposite and Equal Reaction

Question 38

At the same IAS, as altitude inceases, what happens to dynamic and static pressure

Answer 38

1. Dynamic pressure REMAINS CONSTANT 2. Static Pressure DECREASES ## Footnote As altitude increases, the atmospheric (static) pressure reduces. Since the air is "thinner" at altitude, the aircraft travels faster (physically), but from a DYNAMIC pressure point of view, the dynamic pressure remains the SAME (the same molecules of air collected in the same time, but over a greater distance)