Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MET > The Atmosphere > Flashcards

The Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

State the composition of the atmosphere

A

Nitrogen = 78%
Oxygen = 21%
Other gases = 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State the pressure lapse rate @ MSL —— per 1 hPa

A

27 ft/hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the pressure lapse rate @ 10,000ft —— per 1 hPa

A

36 ft/hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State the pressure lapse rate @ 18,000ft —— per 1 hPa

A

48 ft/hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State the pressure lapse rate @ 30,000ft —— per 1 hPa

A

72 ft/hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State the significant pressure level @ 53,000ft ISA

A

100 hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the significant pressure level @ 39,000ft ISA

A

200 hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the significant pressure level @ 30,000ft ISA

A

300 hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State the significant pressure level @ 18,000ft ISA

A

500 hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State the significant pressure level @ 10,000ft ISA

A

700 hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State the significant pressure level @ 5,000ft ISA

A

850 hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

State the MSL pressure —— ISA

A

1013.25 hPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State the MSL density —— ISA

A

1.225 kg/m(^3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the MSL temperature —- ISA

A

+15 degrees Celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State the ISA temperature lapse rate up to 36,000ft, per 1000ft

A

-1.98 °C per 1000ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State the ISA temperature lapse rate up to 36,000ft, per 1000m

A

6.5°C per 1000m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

State the ISA temperature deviation equation

A

ISA deviation = OAT - ISA temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

State the equation to calculate ISA temperature

A

ISA temp. = 15 - (2 x altitude)/1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State the ISA temperature lapse rate between 36,000 - 65,000ft

A

Trick question - constant temperature of -56.5°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

State the ISA temperature lapse rate between 65,000-105,000ft

A

+0.3°C per 1000ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does ITCZ stand for?

A

Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

State the direction of the Coriolis Effect in the Northern/Southern Hemisphere

A

Anti-clockwise/Clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the 3 different air circulation cells

A

Hadley, Ferrel, Polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Insolation shorthand for?

A

Incoming Solar Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What percentage of mass in the atmosphere does the Troposphere hold?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the approx. Height and temperature of the Tropopause at: 0°-30° latitude?

A

Height: 55,000ft
Temperature: -75° c

27
Q

What is the approx. Height and temperature of the Tropopause at:
30°-60° latitude?

A

Height: 36,000ft
Temperature: -56.5°

28
Q

What is the approx. Height and temperature of the Tropopause at:
60-°90° latitude?

A

Height: 26,000ft
Temperature: -50°

29
Q

Name the 4 different layers of atmosphere

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

30
Q

What happens to the temperature trend at the top of the Thermosphere?

A

If above the night pole - the temperature will slowly begin to decrease (but a sharp change in trend)

Otherwise, the temperature will continue to increase at the same rate into the positive temperatures

31
Q

What is the basic trend between the Tropopause maximum height and temperature, at the Equator and the poles - relatively?

A

Equatorial Tropopause is higher and colder

Polar Tropopause in lower and warming

32
Q

Draw a labelled diagram of the ‘Generalised Global Circulation’

A

Things to remember:

  • Hadley, Ferrel and Polar Cells.
  • Anti-clockwise rotation in the North, Clockwise in the South
  • Ferrel Cell opposing the general trend
  • ICTZ, Sub-tropical high pressure belts, Polar front, Polar highs
  • NE + SE trade winds, SW + NE-lies
33
Q

Name the factors that influence the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere

A
  • Altitude
  • Location
  • Temperature
34
Q

State the definition of Altitude

A

The physical distance above a datum

Mean Sea Level (MSL) for MET

35
Q

State the definition of Temperature

A

The kinetic energy per molecule of a substance

Units: °C, °F, K

36
Q

State the definition of heat

A

The kinetic energy per unit volume of a mass

37
Q

At what latitudes to tropospheric ‘breaks’ occur?

A

Between 30-60 °N

38
Q

What radiation does Ozone absorb?

A

Ozone absorb shortwave length (UV) solar radiation

39
Q

Where in the atmosphere is the highest concentration of Ozone?

A

In the low stratosphere

40
Q

Where does the most solar absorption occur?

What is the result?

A

Most absorption occurs high in the stratosphere

Which results in a temperature increase

41
Q

At what altitude do Nacreous (or Mother of Pearl) clouds form?

A

Between 15-25km in the Polar Stratosphere

42
Q

What can the Meso/Thermo/Exo-spheres (60-1000km) be collectively known as?

A

The Ionosphere

Due to the molecules within this level being ionised

43
Q

What can charge the ionosphere to up to 500KV?

A

The electrostatic charge created by thunderstorms

44
Q

Define the Parallels of latitude

What are they also known as?

A

A circle of latitude that cuts through the Earth at right angles to the pole-line
A.k.a - small circles

45
Q

What is a ‘Great’ circle?

A

Any circle that is equal to the diameter of the Earth

Most namely, the Equator

46
Q

Define the meridians of Longitude

A

Half of a ‘great’ circle - which passes through the poles

47
Q

Where does the prime meridian intercept?

A

Greenwich

This is GMT

48
Q

Show the equation for the pressure lapse rate

Height change per 1hPa

A

Height change per hPa = (96T)/P

T = Temperature in K
P = Pressure in hPa
49
Q

What is the pressure lapse rate at MSL?

A

27 ft/hPa

50
Q

What is the pressure lapse rate at 10,000ft?

A

36 ft/hPa

51
Q

What is the pressure lapse rate at 18,000ft?

A

48 ft/hPa

52
Q

What is the pressure lapse rate at 30,000ft?

A

72 ft/hPa

53
Q

What is the density lapse rate at MSL?

A

1.225 kg/m^3 per ft

54
Q

What is the density lapse rate at 10,000ft?

A

0.903 kg/m^3 per ft

75% of MSL rate

55
Q

What is the density lapse rate at 22,000ft?

A

0.609 kg/m^3 per ft

50% of MSL rate

56
Q

What is the density lapse rate at 40,000ft?

A

0.302 kg/m^3 per ft

57
Q

What is the effect of clouds on the Earths surface temperature?

A

Clouds cause:
Cooler days - due to reflecting solar radiation
Warmer nights - due to re-radiating Terrestrial radiation

58
Q

What relationship does wind have with different temperature levels?

A

In strong winds, different temperature levels will mix.

However, on a still day - different temperature air will not mix

59
Q

What is Diurnal variation?

A

The change of temperature over a daily period

60
Q

Draw a graph of diurnal variation on:

Water, a clear day on land, and a cloudy day on land

A

Things to note:

  • Water has minimal variation due to high specific heat capacity
  • Much larger variation on an overcast day, compared to that of a clear day
61
Q

Define Inversion

A

An increase in temperature with altitude

Opposing the usual trend of a decrease

62
Q

Define Isothermal layer

A

A layer of air with a constant temperature, with an increasing altitude

63
Q

Define Thermal inertia

A

The time difference between where there is maximum Insolation and maximum Terrestrial temperature

64
Q

What is a freezing level?

A

An altitude where temperature = 0°

MET (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions