The Atom

Question 1

What is a atom

Answer 1

Smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 2

What is daltons model of the atom

Answer 2

Atoms are solid spheres that could not be divided into smaller parts

Question 3

What is the plum pudding model of the atom

Answer 3

Sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 4

What did scientist discover in the alpha scattering experiment

Answer 4

Some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil. This showed that an atoms mass and positive charge must be concentrated in one small space

Question 5

Describe the nuclear model of the atom

Answer 5

Dense nucleus with electrons orbiting it

Question 6

What did Niels Bohr discover

Answer 6

Electrons orbit in fixed energy levels (shells)

Question 7

What did James Chadwick discover

Answer 7

Uncharged particle called the neutron

Question 8

Where are protons and neutrons

Answer 8

In the nucleus

Question 9

What is the relative mass of each subatomic particle

Answer 9

Proton 1
Neutrons 1
Electron 0

Question 10

What is the relative charge of each sub atomic particle

Answer 10

Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1

Question 11

How can you find out the number of protons in an atom

Answer 11

The atomic number on the periodic table

Question 12

How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom

Answer 12

Mass number - atomic number

Question 13

Why do atoms have no overall charge

Answer 13

They have equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons

Question 14

How many electrons would you place in the first, seconds and third shells

Answer 14

Up to 2 in the first shell and up to 8 in the second and third shells

Question 15

What is an element

Answer 15

Substance made of one type of atom

Question 16

What is a compound

Answer 16

Substance made of more than one type of atom chemically joined together

Question 17

What is a mixture

Answer 17

Two or more substances not chemically combined

Question 18

What are isotopes

Answer 18

Atoms of the same element

Question 19

What are the five physical processes that can be used to separate mixtures

Answer 19

Filtration
Crystallization
Distillation
Fractional distillation
Chromatography

Question 20

What is relative mass

Answer 20

The average mass of all the atoms of an element

Question 21

Give a reason why an original line is drawn in pencil in a chromatography practical

Answer 21

Pencil doesn’t interact with the mobile phase, and therefore will not interfere with the chromatogram

Question 22

A particle has 4 protons and 4 electron
Give the charge on the particle

Answer 22

0

Question 23

A particle has 5 protons and 4 electrons
Determine whether the particle is an atom or an ion

Answer 23

Ion

Question 24

What is an ion

Answer 24

An atom or molecule that has either gained or lost an electrons giving it a positive or negative charge

Question 25

Isotopes are atoms of an element that have the same number of ——- but different number of ——

Answer 25

Protons Neutrons

Question 26

The chemical symbol for silicon is 28,14 Si Describe an atom of silicon in terms of the number of protons, neutrons and electrons and their charges

Answer 26

14 positive protons 14 neutral neutrons 14 negative electrons

Question 27

Describe the alpha particle model scattering experiment and how it showed that the mass of an atom was concentrated in a positevly charged nucleus

Answer 27

Alpha particles were fired at a sheet of gold foil Most passed through the foil So most of the atom is empty space Small number bounced back So that must of collided with something A small number passed through but was deflected Positively charged alpha particles passed near possitevly charged nucleus and were repelled

Question 28

Neutrons we’re not shown to be in the nucleus until 20 years after the nuclear model was accepted. Suggest a reason why it took so long to prove that neutrons existed

Answer 28

Have no charge

Question 29

Use your own knowledge to compare the plum pudding and nuclear model

Answer 29

Both have electrons Both have positive parts Plum pudding has electrons all over the place whereas nuclear has electrons in shells Plum pudding is all positive whereas nuclear has a positive centre Nuclear model has a nucleus whereas plum pudding dosent Nuclear model shows electrons with different energy levels

Question 30

Identify the three elements in H2SO4 use the periodic table to help you

Answer 30

Hydrogen Oxygen Sulfur

Question 31

Explain why the relative atomic mass of copper, Cu, is not a whole number

Answer 31

Copper has multiple isotopes

Question 32

Write the chemical formula for sodium and chlorine

Answer 32

NaCl