The Atom

Question 1

An atom consists of

Answer 1

• Nucleus containing protons & neutrons (together nucleons)
• A cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus

Question 2

Protons and neutrons are held together by

Answer 2

A force called the nuclear force

Question 3

Mass of an atom is concentrated in

Answer 3

The nucleus

Question 4

The electrons orbital region accounts for

Answer 4

Most of the volume of the atom

Question 5

Protons charge

Answer 5

Positive

Question 6

Electrons charge

Answer 6

Negative

Question 7

Neutrons charge

Answer 7

No charge

Question 8

The atom as a whole charge

Answer 8

Neutral

Question 9

If an atom loses/gains electrons it becomes

Answer 9

Charged (called an ion)

Question 10

The atomic number symbol

Answer 10

Z

Question 11

The mass number symbol

Answer 11

A

Question 12

No. of neutrons can be calculated as

Answer 12

A-Z

Question 13

Nuclear notations

Answer 13

Atomic number at the bottom, Mass number at the top

Question 14

Number of protons in an atom of an element cannot change because

Answer 14

It determines the properties of the element and it completely defines which element you have

Question 15

In a naturally occurring sample of an element some atoms have different

Answer 15

Mass numbers: this difference is due to some atoms having different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 16

The periodic table is arranged in order of

Answer 16

increasing atomic number (number of protons and electrons)

Question 17

Group 1

Answer 17

Alkali metals

Question 18

Group 2

Answer 18

Alkali earth metals

Question 19

Group 17

Answer 19

Halogens

Question 20

Group 18

Answer 20

Noble gases/inert gases

Question 21

Group 2-13

Answer 21

Transition elements

Question 22

Metalloids

Answer 22

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

Question 23

Gases

Answer 23

O, N, F, Cl, H

Question 24

Liquids at room temperature

Answer 24

Br and Hg

Question 25

All other elements are

Answer 25

Solids at room temperature

Question 26

The chemical properties of an element are determined by the

Answer 26

Electron arrangement: because it is the electrons which interact when atoms combine to form compounds during a chemical reaction

Question 27

Electrons being around

Answer 27

The outside can interact unlike nuclei

Question 28

Valence electrons

Answer 28

Are those which interact during chemical bonding

Question 29

The Aufbau principle describes how

Answer 29

- Electrons are arranged in orbitals - The order in which electrons fill up orbitals - Pauli Exclusion Principle - Hund’s Rule - An energy level is full when each orbital contains 2 electrons - S and p orbitals are ‘sub-levels’

Question 30

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 30

An orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons provided they have an opposite spin (using up/down arrows)

Question 31

Hund’s Rule

Answer 31

When assigning electrons to p-orbitals, each p-orbital must contain one electron before pairing can take place

Question 32

Metals on LHS

Answer 32

Lose electrons to form Cations

Question 33

Non-metals on RHS

Answer 33

Gain electrons to form Anions

Question 34

Noble gases have

Answer 34

A very stable full outer energy level. Electron arrangement is very stable which is why noble gases do not react

Question 35

Atoms form ions to become

Answer 35

More stable (energetically favourable): they do this by losing or gaining electrons to achieve a noble gas electronic structure