The Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy

Question 1

At what date did the National Assembly change their name to the Constituent Assembly?

Answer 1

9th July 1789

Question 2

What years were the constitutional monarchy?

Answer 2

1789-1791

Question 3

What item of clothing did the Sans-culottes often wear?

Answer 3

Bonnet Rouge - a red, felt hat

Question 4

Who said that France was ‘too full of Priests and clerics who served neither the church nor the state’?

Answer 4

Louis- Sebastian Mercier in 1782

Question 5

Why were people so against the Church?

Answer 5

Their privileges in the Ancien Regime such as the don Graduit and their own courts

Question 6

Who were two of the most influential people who spoke out against the Clergy?

Answer 6

Abbé sieyes and Abbé Gregoire

Question 7

What 3 things did people want from the Clergy?

Answer 7

Temporal power removed, concentration of Spiritual function and their wealth

Question 8

What did the Clergy agree to in the August Decrees?

Answer 8

Give up the Tithe and allowed State to take over church funding

Question 9

Between which dates did the Constitutional Monarchy see the most religious change?

Answer 9

August 1789 - June 1790

Question 10

Pluralism was abolished - what is this?

Answer 10

The holding of more than one ecclesiastical office

Question 11

Annates was abolished - what is this?

Answer 11

A years revenue to the pope

Question 12

What date was all church property nationalised?

Answer 12

2nd November 1789

Question 13

When was full citizenship granted to Protestants?

Answer 13

December 1789

Question 14

From which date did the state begin to sell off monastic wealth?

Answer 14

February 1790, from June it sold church land and possessions

Question 15

All religious orders were dissolved, unless what?

Answer 15

They could prove that they were contributing to the community

Question 16

What date was the Civil constitution of the Clergy?

Answer 16

12th July 1790

Question 17

How was the structure of the church reorganised in the CCC?

Answer 17

Boundaries of dioceses redrawn and each department had a bishop (83 instead of 135)

Question 18

What 3 changes did the CCC bring?

Answer 18

Reorganisation of the church, clergymen would now be paid, and bishops and priests would be elected. Effectively making the church subservient to the state

Question 19

Whose power now had no impact on the church thanks to the CCC?

Answer 19

The pope - he and many others were highly critical of it

Question 20

What was the meeting of the French church called to discuss the CCC that the church tried to organise?

Answer 20

National Synod - this was dismissed by the constituent assembly because they had been banned

Question 21

When was Louis XVI forced to accept the CCC?

Answer 21

December 1790

Question 22

What date did the Constituent Assembly launched a decree that the clergy should ‘swear to be faithful to the nation to maintain their power’?

Answer 22

27th November 1790

Question 23

What would happen if clerics didn’t sign the oath to the civil constitution?

Answer 23

They would be deprived of their offices and salary

Question 24

How many Bishops initially took the oath to the civil constitution?

Answer 24

7 out of 160

Question 25

How many of the parish clergy swore the oath to the civil constitution?

Answer 25

55%

Question 26

What and when was the papal bull?

Answer 26

A letter from the pope telling clergy not to sign the oath - April 1791. He would suspend those who took the oath. Some retracted their oaths because of this

Question 27

How did the Constituent assembly respond to the Papal Bull?

Answer 27

Annexed Avignon ( which the pope was fighting over) to France. Also declared November 1791 that refractory priests were counter revolutionaries

Question 28

What were refractory priests?

Answer 28

Priests who refused to sign the oath to the civil constitution. Dreamed as counter revolutionaries and they were forbidden from religious buildings. By may 1792 - they would be deported

Question 29

What did a lot of Clergy and Nobility do at this time?

Answer 29

Fled abroad

Question 30

What area of France was most in favour of the Civil Constitution?

Answer 30

Central areas around Paris, and those on the border of Austrian and Italian states

Question 31

Who were least in favour of the Civil constitution and why?

Answer 31

Conservative peasants, they feared that the Assembly was trying to change their faith. Turned them against the revolution - destroying national unity

Question 32

When was the Declaration of the rights of Man?

Answer 32

August 1789

Question 33

How did the constitution maintain the king’s power?

Answer 33

July/August 1789 - democracy. Elected government body acting as a legislative. King chose ministers and the judiciary was independent

Question 34

When was the vote for one chamber - the assembly?

Answer 34

September 1789

Question 35

When was the suspension veto agreed and what did this entail?

Answer 35

September 1789 - after 4 years a measure would automatically become law - balanced out power

Question 36

When was the king’s title changed and what to?

Answer 36

October 1789 - ‘king of the French’

Question 37

How often were elections held?

Answer 37

Every 2 years

Question 38

When was the distinction between active and passive citizens held?

Answer 38

December 1789

Question 39

Who were classed as Active citizens?

Answer 39

Males over 25, spoke french

Question 40

What powers did the elected assembly have?

Answer 40

Make laws, collect tax and decide on issues of war

Question 41

When was the new constitution accepted by Louis XVI?

Answer 41

September 1791

Question 42

When were the old provinces abolished?

Answer 42

November 1789

Question 43

How many departments were created?

Answer 43

83

Question 44

What were departments split into?

Answer 44

Districts, communes (small town, parish or community)

Question 45

How many people will be in each elected council in the departments?

Answer 45

36 - they would elect a directorate of 8 (responsible for the area’s administration). This promoted decentralisation

Question 46

What was an issue with the voting in the administrative reforms?

Answer 46

Voting fell in the hands of the bourgeoisie

Question 47

How early were suggestions for judicial reforms?

Answer 47

August 1789 - based on the complaints of cahiers and collapse of old parlements

Question 48

What were the Justices of the Peace?

Answer 48

They heard minor civil cases in each canton (group of communes). The were elected every two years

Question 49

Which courts dealt with more severe civil cases?

Answer 49

District courts - each department had a court

Question 50

What was the new single central high court of appeals called?

Answer 50

The tribunal de cassation

Question 51

How were jurors picked?

Answer 51

Drawn by lot

Question 52

How long before an accused person was brought before a judge?

Answer 52

24 hours

Question 53

What was banned legally?

Answer 53

Torture, branding and hanging - by 1792 only ‘humane’ guillotine allowed

Question 54

How were the deputies able to put off the balance in payment crisis in 1789?

Answer 54

Income from the church

Question 55

She did the assembly start issuing assignats?

Answer 55

December 1789

Question 56

What were Assignats?

Answer 56

Government bonds to aid the purchase of church lands - used as paper money

Question 57

What were the bonds for church lands called?

Answer 57

Biens nationeux

Question 58

What did the extensive printing of assignats cause?

Answer 58

Inflation, staved off economic problems

Question 59

What were two forms of taxes which weren’t abolished initially?

Answer 59

Gazelle (salt tax) and aides (trade)

Question 60

What did the Assembly order for those whose income exceeded 400 livres a year?

Answer 60

One-off ‘patriotic contribution’ of 25% income

Question 61

When was the economic restructuring programme operational?

Answer 61

1791

Question 62

What three key principles of tax did the economic restructuring programme based off?

Answer 62

Land tax Limited tax on commercial activity Poll or property tax

Question 63

How successful was the enforcement of taxes?

Answer 63

It proved difficult - no lighter tax for many

Question 64

When were all corporate bodies abolished?

Answer 64

1791

Question 65

Who did the new economic changes mainly benefit?

Answer 65

Capitalists

Question 66

What did everyone ‘become’?

Answer 66

Citizen (‘citoyen/ citoyenne’) - socially equal

Question 67

What new divisions seemed to spring up?

Answer 67

Gender, wealth and office

Question 68

What was a livret?

Answer 68

A book everyone had to carry containing a worker’s record of employment

Question 69

What law in June 1791 forbid strikes and trade unions for workers?

Answer 69

Le Chapelier