"The Basic's" Flashcards
(10 cards)
1
Q
What is a genotype?
A
The genetic information that is stored in the genetic code
2
Q
What is DNA?
A
A stable macromolecule of genetic information
3
Q
What are chromosomes?
A
Contain the genome (Genetic material) of an organism
-46 chromosomes that come in pairs (22 autosomal & 1 pair of sex chromosomes)
4
Q
Where is the chromosome located?
A
In the nucleus of a cell (in eukaryotes)
5
Q
What are genes?
A
Segments of DNA responsible for a particular trait
6
Q
What are alleles?
A
- Different DNA sequences of the same gene in a population
- Differences can arise due to mutations.
7
Q
What are the most common NZ genetic disorders?
A
- Familial cancer (Breast or Bowel)
- Huntington’s Disease
- Muscular Dystrophies
- Chromosomal Abnormalities
8
Q
What are homologous chromosomes?
A
- Alleles on homologues chromosomes (may be the same or different eg. heterozygous or homozygous)
- Alleles at a gene locus carry recessive or dominant traits
9
Q
What is gene repression?
A
Switching off of a particular gene. Involved a decrease in transcription
10
Q
What are transcription factors?
A
- Protein factors that bind to DNA
- Regulate the level of transcription
