The Basics

Question 1

Abbrev: TPR

Answer 1

Temperature (rectal), Pulse(BPM), and Respiration(breaths per min)

Question 2

WNL [T]PR: DOG

Answer 2

99.5 - 102.5 F; 101 F avg.

Question 3

WNL [T]PR: CAT

Answer 3

100 - 102.5 F; 101 F avg.

Question 4

WNL T[P]R: DOG

Answer 4

LG = 60-80bpm; SM = 80-140bpm

Question 5

WNL T[P]R: CAT

Answer 5

140-220bpm

Question 6

WNL TP[R]: DOG

Answer 6

18-24

Question 7

WNL TP[R]: CAT

Answer 7

20-30

Question 8

TPR for GPs, birds, mice/rats?

Answer 8

too high to count on avg.

Question 9

What is Blood Pressure?

Answer 9

the force of blood pushing against the arterial walls as the heart pumps

Question 10

Term: Systole

Answer 10

Heartbeat phase: Contraction & Ejection
LV + RV (ventricles) contract - blood ejects into the aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA)

Question 11

Term: Diastole

Answer 11

Heartbeat phase: Relaxation & Refilling
LV + RV (ventricles) are relaxed, blood flows from the RA + LA (atriums) into the LV and RV

Question 12

Abbrev: SAP/SBP

Answer 12

Systolic Arterial Pressure - top/1st number

Question 13

Abbrev: DAP/DBP

Answer 13

Diastolic Arterial Pressure - bottom/2nd number

Question 14

Abbrev: MAP

Answer 14

Median Arterial Pressure
MAP = DAP + 1/3 (SAP - DAP)

Question 15

Lateral

Answer 15

away from the median plane - outward (think lateral vs. medial saphenous veins)

Question 16

Medial

Answer 16

inner, towards the center/median plane (think lateral vs. medial saphenous veins)

Question 17

Dorsal

Answer 17

upper/top of the body; along the spinal region (think dorsal fin)

Question 18

Ventral

Answer 18

underside of the body; abdominal portion, front + lower

Question 19

Cranial

Answer 19

towards the head

Question 20

Caudal

Answer 20

towards the tail

Question 21

Rostral

Answer 21

towards the nose (rhymes w/ nostril)

Question 22

Dorsal (limbs)

Answer 22

outward facing portion(s) of extremities (front of hindlimb)

Question 23

Palmar

Answer 23

underside of forelimbs (front paws - sounds like human palms)

Question 24

Plantar

Answer 24

underside of hindlimbs (back paws)

Question 25

Proximal

Answer 25

closer to the trunk/body

Question 26

Distal

Answer 26

further from the trunk/body

Question 27

Anterior

Answer 27

front of body

Question 28

Posterior

Answer 28

rear of body

Question 29

Median Plane

Answer 29

divides the animal into L and R through the midline

Question 30

Sagittal Plane

Answer 30

divides the animal into L and R - not necessarily through the midline

Question 31

Dorsal Plane

Answer 31

divides the animal into dorsal and ventral portions

Question 32

Transverse Plane

Answer 32

divides cranial and caudal or rostral and caudal portions of the body

Question 33

Where is a blood sample commonly drawn from?

Answer 33

the jugular

Question 34

Where are catheters usually placed?

Answer 34

cephalic vein

Question 35

What's the other common option for blood draws aside from the cephalic vein?

Answer 35

lateral saphenous vein

Question 36

Abbrev: MM

Answer 36

Mucous Membrane

Question 37

Abbrev: CRT

Answer 37

Capillary Refill Time

Question 38

A pink, bright MM means what?

Answer 38

WNL RR (respiratory rate) and BPM/blood flow

Question 39

A pale MM means what?

Answer 39

ABN - anemia, blood loss, shock, dehydration

Question 40

What does it mean for a MM to be Icteric?

Answer 40

Yellow from Jaundice due to: RBC (RB cell) destruction (called hemolysis) > causes Anemia Liver Disease Bile Duct Obstruction

Question 41

What does it mean for a MM to be Cyanotic?

Answer 41

Blue - Lack of adequate oxygen in the blood due to: breathing issues airway blockage Heart problems

Question 42

Gums aside, what else can reveal the MM color in certain animals?

Answer 42

the 3rd eyelid once expressed

Question 43

Term: Dorsoventral (DV) View

Answer 43

Rads when the patient is prone (laying on tummy - DORSAL region upturned)

Question 44

Term: Ventrodorsal (VD) View

Answer 44

Rads when the patient is supine (laying on back - VENTRAL region upturned)

Question 45

Abbrev: RL

Answer 45

Right Lateral Rads - patient in laying lateral on the RIGHT side of their body (R facing down)

Question 46

Abbrev: LL

Answer 46

Left Lateral Rads - patient is laying lateral on the LEFT side of their body (L facing down)