The Basics

Question 1

Somatic Dysfunction

Answer 1

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system: skeletal, arthroidial, and myofascial structures and related vascular lymphatic and neural elements.

Question 2

TART

Answer 2

Tissue texture changes
Asymmetry
Restriction
Tenderness

Question 3

Tissue texture changes

Answer 3

palpable changes give insight into state of vasculature, lymphatics and neural aspects

acute vs chronic

Question 4

Asymmetry

Answer 4

static structure asymmetry - eg. one shoulder higher than the other

Question 5

Restriction

Answer 5

limitation in range of motion

Question 6

Physiologic barrier

Answer 6

limitation in the Active motion in any joint

Question 7

Anatomic barrier

Answer 7

end point of Passive motion, movement beyond will cause injury

Question 8

Restrictive (or pathologic) barrier

Answer 8

before physiologic and anatomic barriers

prevents full range of motion

Question 9

Acute vs Chronic TART changes - Tissue texture changes

Answer 9

Acute: vascular damage
Inflammation - edematous, erythematous, boggy w/ increased moisture
hypertonic muscles or in spasm, ropy

Chronic: Sympathetic tone increased
decreased or no edema, no erythema, cool dry skin, slight tension
decreased muscle tone, flaccid, fibrotic

Question 10

Acute vs Chronic TART changes - Asymmetry

Answer 10

acute: present

Chronic: present w/ compensation in other areas of body

Question 11

Acute vs Chronic TART changes - Restriction

Answer 11

Acute: present, painful with movement

Chronic: present, decreased or no pain

Question 12

Acute vs Chronic TART changes - Tenderness

Answer 12

Acute: severe, sharp

Chronic: dull, achy, burning

Question 13

Fryette’s Law 1

Answer 13

TONGO

Neutral position:

SIDE BENDING precedes rotation
Side bending and rotation occur to opposite sides

T3-5 N SlRr or T 3-5 SlRr
-groups of more 2 vertebral segments

Question 14

Fryette’s Law 2

Answer 14

Non-neutral position:

ROTATION precedes side bending
Side bending and rotation occur to the same side

L4 F RrSr

alone, rarely more than 2 next to each other

Dysfunction is in relationship to vertebrae below

Question 15

Fryette’s Law 3

Answer 15

Motion in one plane limits in all other planes

Question 16

Superior facets orientation

Answer 16

Cervical: BUM (backwards, upward, medial)

Thoracic: BUL (backwards, upward, lateral)

Lumbar: BM (backwards, medial)

Question 17

Sagital plane axis and movement

Answer 17

Sagittal plane divides right and left

transverse axis (x axis)

flexion/extension

Pathology: kyphosis, lordosis

Question 18

Transverse plane axis and movement

Answer 18

Transverse plane divides superior and inferior

Vertical axis (y axis)

Rotation

Question 19

Coronal plane axis and movement

Answer 19

Coronal plane divides anterior and posterior

AP axis (z axis)

Side bend

Pathology: scoliosis

Question 20

Isotonic contraction

Answer 20

Same tonic tone or tension

“patient wins”

Question 21

Isometric contraction

Answer 21

Same length - increased tension

“no one wins”

Question 22

Isolytic contraction

Answer 22

tearing fibers to force length

“doctor wins”

Question 23

Concentric contraction

Answer 23

muscle contracts and shortens

Question 24

Eccentric contraction

Answer 24

muscle lengthening during contraction

Question 25

Direct treatment

Answer 25

engage restrictive barrier

Question 26

Indirect treatment

Answer 26

away from restrictive barrier into direction of freedom Used for acute injury or dysfunction, elderly, hospitalized patients

Question 27

Passive treatment

Answer 27

patient relaxed, doctor moves body

Question 28

Active treatment

Answer 28

pt assists in treatment, isometric or isotonic contraction