The Basis of Genetics (EST) Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA.
Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus of a cell.
What’s the structure of DNA?
Double helix structure.
Humans have how many chromosomes in total?
46 chromosomes… 23 from the mom and 23 from the dad.
What does DNA contain?
Sugars and phosphates.
What are the nitrogen bases? (coding information)
At the Gangster’s crib (A-T and G-C)
Approx how many proteins does the body contain?
30 000-50 000 proteins
Name 4 roles specific proteins can play.
- Hormones
- Antibodies
- Enzymes
- Hemoglobin
What will characterize the traits of a person?
The genetic code/the variations & combinations in the protein structure.
What are 3 things traits can be?
- Physical
- Psychological (mental)
- Physiological (internal body chemistry)
Name the 2 steps of protein synthesis.
- Transcription: photocopying of the DNA to make mRNA
2. Translation: From the mRNA code, proteins are made
Where does protein synthesis occur?
In the nucleus and the ribosomes.
What are organelles?
Little organs in the cell.
What is the genetic code?
The triplet code where 3 nitrogen based match up with the amino acids
Why does it go from DNA to mRNA?
Because only mRNA can leave the nucleus
What happens during transcription?
The double helix unwinds, the photocopy (mRNA) is made and then the mRNA leaves the nucleus
What happens during translation?
The mRNA meets with the ribosome. Then the ribosome matches up with 3 nitrogen bases. The tRNA brings the amino acid to the ribosome to make a chain. After they link, the RNA is released.
What’s the final process of protein synthesis?
After the chain is finished being made, the chain is released from the ribosome which all happens in the cytoplasm. The chain folds into a “ball”. Then the protein performs its role in the body.
