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Key Topic 1: The Governance And Administration of the Empire > The Berlin Conference 1884-5: Before > Flashcards

The Berlin Conference 1884-5: Before Flashcards

1
Q

What happened in January 1871?

A

Unification of Germany and therefore, they became the new powerhouse of Europe

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2
Q

When was Germany unified?

A

January 1871

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3
Q

Why was Germany a favourable location in Europe?

A

Huge supply of natural resources

Favourable geographical location

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4
Q

What happened to France in 1871?

A

Although defeated by Germany, they recovered quickly and transformed their armed forces with a determination to assert its ‘rightful place’ in the world

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5
Q

When did France transform their armed forces with a determination to assert its ‘rightful place’ in the world?

A

After defeat by Germany in 1871

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6
Q

What country after defeat by Germany in 1871, strived to transform their armed forces with a determination to assert its ‘rightful place’ in the world?

A

France

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7
Q

What did Russia do by 1884?

A

It had taken its empire to the border of Afghanistan

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8
Q

When had Russia taken its empire to the border of Afghanistan?

A

1884

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9
Q

Who had taken its empire to the border of Afghanistan by 1884?

A

Russia

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10
Q

What was the downfall of the Russian empire?

A

Less industrially advanced

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11
Q

How did the building of Russian railways (Trans-Caspian railway) affect Britain?

A

Feared that this could carry an army to challenge Britains position in India

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12
Q

Why did the British fear that the Russians could challenge the British position in India?

A

Building of Russian railways (Trans-Siberian and Trans-Caspian railway) and they feared that this could carry an army to challenge Britains position in India

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13
Q

When was the issue of Germanys naval power no longer acute?

A

Last decade of the century (1890s)

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14
Q

Why was the growing naval power of other countries (E.g. France, Germany and Russia) an issue for British?

A

Gave them the power to explore areas (E.g. Asia and Africa) where previously Britain had no competition

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15
Q

What did the French do in the 1860s?

A

Establish a foothold in Indo-China and began to push north

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16
Q

Who began to establish a foothold in Indo-China in the 1860s and began to push north?

A

France

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17
Q

When did France establish a foothold in Indio-China and began to push north?

A

1860s

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18
Q

What were the Germans seeking in Asia?

A

Commercial (trading) concessions (rights)

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19
Q

When did work on the Trans-Siberian railway begin?

A

March 1891

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20
Q

What began in March 1891?

A

Work on Trans-Siberian Railway

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21
Q

What happened in January 1874?

A

British annexation of Malaya in response to French activity in Indo-China

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22
Q

When did the British annex Malaya?

A

January 1874

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23
Q

Who annexed Malaya in January 1874?

A

Britain

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24
Q

Why did Britain annex Malaya in January 1874?

A

In response to French activity in Indo-China

25
Q

How did the British respond to French action in Indo-China?

A

January 1874- British annexation of Malaya
November 1881- Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo
1885- British took over Brunei
Winter 1885- British took control of Upper Burma

26
Q

What was the impact of British annexation of Malaya in January 1874?

A

Extending British influence beyond its existing base in Singapore

27
Q

What extended British influence beyond its existing bases in Singapore?

A

Annexation of Malaya in January 1874

28
Q

When did the British establish bases in Singapore?

A

1819

29
Q

What did the British establish in 1819?

A

Bases in Singapore

30
Q

What happened in November 1881?

A

Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo (Chartered company)

31
Q

When did Britain take Sarawak, North Borneo?

A

November 1881

32
Q

What happened to Brunei in 1885?

A

British took over

33
Q

What happened in winter 1885?

A

British took control of Upper Burma

34
Q

When did the British take control of upper Burma?

A

Winter 1885

35
Q

What happened to Upper Burma in winter 1885?

A

British took control

36
Q

When did the British take over Brunei?

A

1885

37
Q

What happened in 1885?

A

British took over Brunei

38
Q

What left Thailand as a buffer between Britain and rival European zones?

A

January 1874- British annexation of Malaya
November 1881- Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo
1885- British took over Brunei
Winter 1885- British took control of Upper Burma

39
Q

What was the impact of:
January 1874- British annexation of Malaya
November 1881- Britain took Sarawak, North Borneo
1885- British took over Brunei
Winter 1885- British took control of Upper Burma

A

Left Thailand as a buffer between Britain and rival European zones

40
Q

What increased interest for Africa?

A

The Great Depressions impact on industrialised countries of Europe. This encouraged interest in Africa as there was the possibility to find markets of manufactured goods and raw materials

41
Q

What was the impact of the Great Depression on industrialising European countries?

A

This encouraged interest in Africa as there was the possibility to find markets of manufactured goods and raw materials

42
Q

When did the French become more active in Africa?

A

1880s

43
Q

What countries began to be more active in Africa in the 1880s?

A

France

Germany (Began making annexations from 1884 in the South-west and western regions)

44
Q

What did Germany do from 1884?

A

Germans began making annexations in the south-west and western regions

45
Q

When did Germany make annexations in the south-west and western regions?

A

From 1884

46
Q

Why was the Colony of Natal (on the cape colony north-eastern border) added in 1843?

A

Strengthen British influence in the Indian Ocean, therefore, protecting route to India and Australia

47
Q

When was Lagos annexed?

A

August 1861

48
Q

What happened in August 1861?

A

Lagos was annexed

49
Q

Before 1880, where did Britain have no colonies?

A

North and East Africa

50
Q

Before 1880s, what trade agreement did Britain have with a country in the east?

A

Trade agreement with the Sultan of Zanzibar was the extent of any British presence

51
Q

What happened to the cape colony in 1872?

A

Granted self governing dominion status

52
Q

When was the Cape Colony granted self governing dominion status?

A

1872

53
Q

What was granted self governing dominion status in 1872?

A

Cape colony

54
Q

What did Livingstone say was the only way to liberate Africans?

A

‘Commerce, Christianity and Civilisation’

55
Q

Who said the only way to civilise Africa was to ‘Commerce, Christianity and Civilisation’?

A

Livingstone

56
Q

What did an 1865 parliamentary select committee recommend?

A

Withdrawal from West African settlements on the ground of cost

57
Q

When was there the withdrawal from West African settlements on the ground of cost?

A

1865 parliamentary select committee

58
Q

What was the impact of American and European protective tariffs?

A

Meant that they couldn’t flood these areas with British manufactured goods

59
Q

Why was there a ‘swing to the east’ ?

A

Loss of US and Canada

Key Topic 1: The Governance And Administration of the Empire (38 decks)

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