The Big Bang Theory

Question 1

Proposed an infinite universe filled with ether, and suggested planets outside of the Solar System

Answer 1

Giordano Bruno

Question 2

First spacecraft to enter the interstellar space and the farthest human-made object from Earth

Answer 2

Voyager 1

Question 3

Voyager 1 to Jupiter

Answer 3

March 5 1979

Question 4

Voyager 1 to Saturn

Answer 4

November 12 1980

Question 5

Voyager 2 to Jupiter

Answer 5

July 9 1979

Question 6

Voyager 2 to Saturn

Answer 6

August 25 1981

Question 7

True or False

Voyager 2 was launched earlier but Voyager 1 reached Jupiter first

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What does the Golden Record contain

Answer 8

sound and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth

Question 9

Who headed in designing the Golden Record

Answer 9

Carl Sagan

Question 10

When was the planetary disk around Beta Pictoris observed

Answer 10

1984

Question 11

First observations of a real exoplanet is observed using ____ and when was it observed

Answer 11

radial velocity method, 1988

Question 12

Who detected the fist confirmed exoplanet and when was it detected

Answer 12

Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail, 1992

Question 13

Who identified the first galaxies in the 17th century

Answer 13

Charles Meisser

Question 14

Who studied the Andromeda “Nebula”

Answer 14

Edwin Hubble

Question 15

Cepheid Variable Stars

Answer 15

Change brightness periodically

Question 16

Observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from the Earth at speeds proportional to the distance

Answer 16

Hubble’s Law

Question 17

Apparent red-shift (elongation) in the wavelength of their wave, implying that the source is moving away, and that the universe is expanding

Answer 17

Doppler Effect

Question 18

The concept that the brightness of a star dims when a planet passes in front of it

Answer 18

Transit Light Curve

Question 19

There was a primordial object that expanded to be what we know as observable universe; singularity

Answer 19

Big Bang Theory

Question 20

Cosmological model of the universe that describes its beginnings and its evolution.

Answer 20

Big Bang Theory

Question 21

Interpreted data from Hubble and other as evidence of an expanding universe and said that if the galaxies are moving away from each other they must have started out together in what he called the “primeval atom”

Answer 21

George Lemaitre

Question 22

Earliest known period of the Universe

From zero to approximately 10^-43 seconds

All matter was condensed on an infinite density dingle point with extremely high temperature

Answer 22

Planck Epoch

Question 23

1 Planck Length

Answer 23

10^-35

Question 24

1 Planck Temperature

Answer 24

10^32

Question 25

From 10^-43 to 10^-36 seconds Force of Gravity separates from the other fundamental forces Earliest elementary particle and antiparticle begin to appear

Answer 25

Grand Unification Epoch

Question 26

From 10^-36 to 10^-32 seconds Separation of the strong nuclear force Rapid exponential expansion, known as cosmic inflation Universe was filled uniformly with a high-energy density (scalar field)

Answer 26

Inflation Epoch

Question 27

From 10^-32 to 10^-12 seconds Creation of exotic particles and the W and Z Boson

Answer 27

Electroweak Epoch

Question 28

particle travelling faster than light

Answer 28

Tachyons

Question 29

travel near the speed of light, no electrical charge when they pass through matter

Answer 29

Neutrinos

Question 30

From 10^-12 to 10^-6 seconds Quarks, electrons, and neutrinos form in large numbers as the universe cools off to below 10 quadrillion degrees four fundamental forces assume their present forms

Answer 30

Quark Epoch

Question 31

Surplus of quarks about one for every billion pair survive which ultimately combine to form matter

Answer 31

Biogenesis

Question 32

From 10^-6 to 1 second Quarks combine and form hadrons (proton and neutron)

Answer 32

Hadron Epoch

Question 33

From 1 second to 3 minutes Leptons and antileptons dominate the mass of the universe As electrons and protons collide and annihilate each other, energy in the form of photons is freed up

Answer 33

Lepton Epoch

Question 34

From 3 minutes to 20 minutes Atomic nuclei combine through nuclear fusion to form nuclei of simple elements

Answer 34

Nucleosynthesis

Question 35

From 20 minutes to 240,000 years The universe is filled with plasma, hot soup of atomic nuclei and electrons

Answer 35

Photon Epoch

Question 36

From 240,000 years to 300,000 years Ionized hydrogen and helium atoms capture electrons thus neutralizing their charges By the end of the period, the universe consists of about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with few traces of other elements or matter

Answer 36

Recombination/Decouping

Question 37

From 300,000 years to 150 million years The period after the formation of the first atoms and before the first stars

Answer 37

Dark Age/Era

Question 38

From 150 million years to 1 billion years Quasars are formed and their emitted radiation re-ionizes the surrounding universe

Answer 38

Reionization

Question 39

From 300 million to 500 million years Gravity amplifies the density of the primordial gas and pockets of gas more and more dense These small, dense clouds of cosmic gas start to collapse under their own gravity, becoming hot enough to trigger nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen atoms, creating the very first stars

Answer 39

Stars and Galaxy Formation

Question 40

From 8.5 – 9 billion years Formed around the sun roughly 4.5 to 5 billion years ago

Answer 40

Solar System Formation

Question 41

13.7 billion years after the Big Bang

Answer 41

Today

Question 42

an electromagnetic radiation which is a remnant of the early stage of the universe Used to determine the age of the universe

Answer 42

Cosmic Microwave Background

Question 43

Common Misconceptions about the Big Bang Theory

Answer 43

There was no “Bang” It has nothing to say about the place where the pea-sized volume of space and building block of matter is located No information regarding the time before the Big Bang Matter does not expand due to the Big Bang, only space expands Matter refers not only to atoms and radiation but also to Dark Matter and Dark Energy Red-shift is due to the expansion of the universe