The Biological Perspective

Question 1

Function and Location of the Corpus Collosum

Answer 1

-connects the left & right hemispheres of the brain
-ensures both sides can communicate & send signals
-located within the cerebrum

Question 2

Function and Location of the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 2

-conducts complex though processes
-language, memory, reasoning, thought, learning, emotion, personality, decision making
-4 different lobes
-located within the cerebrum

Question 3

Function and Location of the Hippocampus

Answer 3

-major role in learning & memory
-explicate memory
-located deep within the temporal lobe

Question 4

Function and Location of the Cerebellum

Answer 4

-controls balance
-maintains muscle coordination
-located at the back of the brain below the temporal & occipital lobes

Question 5

Function and Location of the Medulla Oblongata

Answer 5

-controls heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, blood pressure
-involuntary actions
-bottom most part of the brain
-connecting the brain stem to the spinal cord

Question 6

Function and Location of the Reticular Formation

Answer 6

system of nerves
-conducts arousal & attention
-motor sensory, behavioral, cognitive, mood related functions
-center of the brainstem (tegmentum)

Question 7

Function and Location of the Pons

Answer 7

-relays messages between the cerebellum & cortex
-unconscious process- sleep cycle/breathing
-center of the brainstem, just above the medulla

Question 8

Function and Location of the Amygdala

Answer 8

-processes fearful and angry emotions
-located in the medial temporal lobe
-anterior to the hippocampus

Question 9

Function and Location of the Pituitary Gland

Answer 9

regulates endocrine glands
-growth, sexual, & reproductive hormones
-base of the brain attached to the hypothalamus

Question 10

Function and Location of the Hypothalamus

Answer 10

-regulates fear, thirst, sex-drive, aggression
-maintains homeostasis
-inferior to the thalamus & superior to the pituitary gland
(diencephalon)

Question 11

Function and Location of the Thalamus

Answer 11

-relays info from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex
-info relay station
-near the center of the brain (diencephalon)

Question 12

Function of the Frontal Lobe

Answer 12

-voluntary movement
-expressive language
-executive functions

Question 13

Function of Broca’s Area

Answer 13

-regulates breathing patterns during speech

Question 14

Function of the Temporal Lobe

Answer 14

-processes auditory info with memory encoding

Question 15

Function of Wernicke’s Area

Answer 15

-comprehension of speech sounds

Question 16

Function of the Occipital Lobe

Answer 16

visual perception
-colour, form, motion

Question 17

Function of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 17

-processes touch, pain, temperature, sense of limbs

Question 18

Function of the Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 18

-processes input & contributes to integration of signals

Question 19

Function of the Motor Cortex

Answer 19

-generates signals to move the body

Question 20

Function of Neurons

Answer 20

-info messengers
-use electrical impulses/chemical signals to transmit info between areas of the NS

Question 21

Glial Cells

Answer 21

-support neurons by providing structural support & nutrition & by removing waste

Question 22

Dendrites

Answer 22

-branchlike structures of a neuron that receive info from adjacent neurons

Question 23

Axon

Answer 23

-tubelike structures that carry the neural info from cell body to axon terminal

Question 24

Mylin Sheath

Answer 24

-a fatty substance that coats the axons to isolate, protec, & speed up the communication

Question 25

Axon Terminals

Answer 25

-enlarged ends of the axon that specialize for communication with cells

Question 26

Soma

Answer 26

-the cell body responsible for maintaining cell life

Question 27

Nerves

Answer 27

-clusters of neurons that travel together

Question 28

Sensory Neurons

Answer 28

Afferent -convey info from sense organ to interneurons in the brain

Question 29

Motor Neurons

Answer 29

Efferent -sends info/signals out to muscles & glands

Question 30

Interneurons

Answer 30

-connect spinal motor and sensory neurons -transfer signals between sensory and motor neurons

Question 31

Neuron Communication

Answer 31

-they communicate through electrical signals -Action Potential (AP) -AP is based on movement of ions through the axon

Question 32

Threshold

Answer 32

the level of stimulation required to start a neural impulse

Question 33

The "All or None" Principle

Answer 33

-a neuron will fire the same intensity of an impulse every time -or they won't fire at all

Question 34

Excitatory message

Answer 34

increases likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will activate

Question 35

Inhibitory message

Answer 35

decreases likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will activate

Question 36

Alzheimer's Disease

Answer 36

the deterioration of memory, reasoning, speaking skills

Question 37

Parkinson's Disease

Answer 37

the producing of neurons in the substantia nigra due to loss of dopamine

Question 38

Substantia Nigra

Answer 38

-a brain structure that is part of your basal ganglia -affects learning, mood, judgment, decision-making and other processes.

Question 39

Neurogenesis

Answer 39

the development of neurons

Question 40

Crossover

Answer 40

nerves to & from each side of the brain connect to opposite sides of the brain -(the left hemisphere controls the functions of the right side)

Question 41

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 41

Involved in arousal, memory, controls muscle contraction -Ex.S and In.S

Question 42

Excitatory synapse (Ex.S)

Answer 42

A neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire a signal

Question 43

Inhibitory synapse (In.S)

Answer 43

A neurotransmitter cause the receiving cell to step

Question 44

Norepinephrine (NE)

Answer 44

Mostly Ex.S; arousal and mood Fight or flight

Question 45

Dopamine (DA)

Answer 45

Ex.S and In.S Controls movement and sensations of pleasure

Question 46

Gamma-amniobutyricacid (GABA)

Answer 46

Major In.S Sleep, inhibits movement

Question 47

Glutamate

Answer 47

Major Ex.S Learning, memory, NS development

Question 48

Endorphins

Answer 48

In.S Neural Regulators, pain relief