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PHLEBOTOMY 102 > THE BLOOD > Flashcards

THE BLOOD Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Vascular fluid that transports nutrients, wastes products, gases and hormones through the circulatory system.

A

Blood

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2
Q

What is the normal blood volume of average adults?

A

5 – 6 L

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3
Q

study of blood

A

Hematology

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4
Q

specialists in blood disorders.

A

Hematologists

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5
Q

How many percent id the formed elements?

A

45%

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6
Q

3 types under the formed elements of blood

A

RBC
WBC
Platelets

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7
Q

2 kinds under the gas of blood?

A

Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide

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8
Q

How many percent of liquid is in the blood?

A

55 % (91% H2O, 9% dissolved subs)

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9
Q

2 types under the liquid of blood

A

Plasma
Serum

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10
Q

Liquid portion of the clotted blood. It consists of albumin and globulin. It has no fibrinogen

A

Serum

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11
Q

Liquid portion of the unclotted blood. It consists of fibrinogen, albumin and globulin. Obtained by the use of anticoagulant

A

Plasma

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12
Q

Anuclear; biconcave disks

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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13
Q

What is the size range of RBC?

A

6 – 8 microns (average of 7.2 microns)

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14
Q

Why RBCs are red?

A

The red color of RBC is because of Hemoglobin which is responsible for transporting O2 and CO2

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15
Q

What are the two parts that consists in Hemoglobin?

A

Heme (that contains iron)
Globin

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16
Q

Where is the production and maturation site of RBC?

A

Bone Marrow

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17
Q

What is the reference value of RBC?

A

4.5 - 6.0 million / uL of blood. Men have higher values than women.

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18
Q

How many days is the life span of RBC?

A

120 day

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19
Q

Where is the graveyard of RBC?

A

Liver and Spleen. Destroyed by macrophages but the iron is reused in new cells.

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20
Q

The surface of red blood cells contain what?

A

Antigen

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21
Q

What are the four possible ABO antigens?

A

A antigen
B antigen
Both A and B antigens
Neither A nor B antigen

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22
Q

The plasma contains what?

A

Antibodies

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23
Q

What are the four possible ABO antibodies

A

Antibody A
Antibody B
Both anti - A and anti - B
Neither anti - A nor anti - B

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24
Q

What is the antigen and antibody of type A?

A

A antigen and antibody B

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25
What is the antigen and antibody of type B?
B antigen and antibody A
26
What is the antigen and antibody of type AB?
A and B antigens and no antibody
27
What is the antigen and antibody of type O?
No antigen; antibody A and B
28
Occurs when a person receives a different group of blood because a person’s natural antibody will destroy the donor RBC’s that contain the antigen specific for the antibodies.
Transfusion Reaction
29
To avoid transfusion reaction, what should we do?
To avoid such reactions, patients must only receive group - specific blood type.
30
What is the antigen and antibody for Rh (+)?
D antigen and no antibody
31
What is the antigen and antibody for Rh (-)?
no antigen and no antibody
32
What is the function of Leukocytes or White Blood Cells?
Provide immunity thru production of antibodies and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis
33
Where are the WBCs produced?
Produced in the bone marrow
34
What is the reference value of WBC?
4,500 - 11,000 per uL of blood
35
What are the differential white blood cell count?
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophils Basophils
36
What types of WBC are under of Granulocytes (distinct granules)?
Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils
37
bluish - black granules; large granules that obscure the cytoplasm
Basophils
38
orange - red granules (2 - 3 lobes)
Eosinophils
39
Lilac granules (3-5 lobes)
Neutrophils
40
What types of WBC are under of Agranulocytes (not so distinct granules)?
Lymphocytes Monocytes
41
almost the same size with RBC; round nucleus almost covering the entire cell.
Lymphocytes
42
kidney/ bean/ horse - shoe nucleus (largest wbc)
Monocytes
43
40-60%; increased in bacterial infection or acute diseases.
Neutrophil
44
20-40%; increased in viral infections
Lymphocytes
45
3-8%; increased in cases of chronic infections
Monocytes
46
1-3%; increased in cases of parasitic/ infections/ allergies
Eosinophil
47
0-1%; increased in cases of allergies
Basophil
48
Describe the appearance of platelets
Anucleate cells Measure 2-4 microns (2-4 um) in diameter small; irregularly - shaped
49
What is the cellular origin of platelets?
Cellular fragments of megakaryocytes; 1 megakaryocytes = 2000-4000 platelets
50
How many days is the life span of platelets?
9-12 days
51
What is the reference value of platelets?
140,000 – 440,000 per uL of blood.
52
What are the main function of platelets?
Prevents bleeding by forming temporary platelet plug. Play a vital role in blood clotting process.
53
Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves of what?
Blood vessels Platelets Coagulation / Clotting factors
54
the process of forming a blood clot to stop the leakage of blood whenever there is an injury to the blood vessel.
Hemostasis
55
What happen in stage 1 or in the primary hemostasis?
Blood vessels and platelets respond to injury Blood vessels constrict to slow the flow of blood to the injured area (vessel spasm) Platelets become sticky; clump together (platelet aggregation) and adhere to the injured vessel wall (platelet adhesion) to form a temporary platelet plug to stop bleeding.
56
What happen in stage 2 or in the secondary hemostasis?
Activation of coagulation cascade that initiate formation of fibrin strands to strengthen the platelet plug by forming a fibrin clot.
57
What happen in stage 3 of hemostasis?
The last factor in the coagulation cascade (Factor XIII) stabilizes the fibrin clot. This produces retraction (tightening of the clot)
58
What happen in stage 4 of hemostasis?
After the injury to the blood vessel has healed; the process of fibrinolysis degrades the fibrin clot into fibrin degradation products (FDP’s).
59
bulge formed by a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel; usually an artery that can burst and cause severe hemorrhage.
Aneurysm
60
Hardening of the artery walls contributing to aneurysm or stroke.
Arteriosclerosis
61
Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by accumulation of lipids and other materials in the walls of arteries causing the lumen of the vessel to narrow and stimulate clot formation.
Atherosclerosis
62
Moving clot that can obstruct a blood vessel
Embolism
63
Inflammation of the vein wall causing pain and tenderness.
Phlebitis
64
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a stationary blood clot.
Thrombosis
65
Swollen peripheral veins caused by damage valves allowing backflow of the blood causing edema (swelling) in the tissues.
Varicose Veins
66
Sharp chest pain caused by decrease blood flow to the heart usually because of an obstruction in the coronary arteries.
Angina Pectoris
67
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by a bacterial infection (Staphylococcus epidermidis)
Bacterial Endocarditis
68
Impairs the ability of the heart to pump blood efficiently, causing fluid accumulation in the lungs and tissues.
Congestive Heart Failure
69
Death (necrosis) of the heart muscle caused by lack of oxygen to the myocardium because of an occluded artery. Commonly known as heart attack.
Myocardial Infarction
70
Inflammation of the pericardium of the heart caused by bacteria, viruses, trauma or malignancy.
Pericarditis
71
Autoimmune disorder affecting heart tissue following a streptococcal infection.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
72
Decrease RBC count or hemoglobin in the circulating blood
Anemia
73
Increased WBC in the bone marrow and circulating blood.
Leukemia
74
Increased WBC or leukocytes in the circulating blood as seen in infections.
Leukocytosis
75
Decreased WBC or leukocytes in the blood often caused by radiation therapy or chemotherapy
Leukocytopenia/ Leukopenia
76
Increased RBC count causing blood to be viscous
Polycythemia Vera
77
Decreased number of circulating platelets, frequently seen in patients receiving chemotherapy, with dengue hemorrhagic fever; spontaneous bleeding can result
Thrombocytopenia
78
Increased number of circulating platelets
Thrombocytosis

PHLEBOTOMY 102 (2 decks)

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