The Body Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Attenuated
A
Reduced in energy, strength
2
Q
Piezoelectric
A
Electricity formed from pressure
3
Q
Hypertrophy
A
The enlargement of an organ’s cells leading to enlargement of the organ
4
Q
Dextrocardia
A
A condition in which the heart points to the left side of the chest rather than the right
5
Q
Cardiomediastinum
A
Cavity containing the heart and lungs
6
Q
Barium
A
A highly chemically reactive earth metal
7
Q
Visceral
A
Internal organs in main body cavity, intestines, for example
8
Q
Extracellular
A
Not formed from cells
9
Q
Collagen
A
Most abundant protein in mammals; forms part of extracellular matrix
10
Q
Phosphorus
A
Mineral found in bones and teeth; makes up 1% of body weight
11
Q
Trabecular/ Cancellous
A
Compact, spongy bone
12
Q
Spicule
A
Small, needle-like anatomical structure
13
Q
Vasomotor
A
Fiber that regulates constriction and dilation of blood vessels
14
Q
Mesenchyme
A
A loosely organized tissue which develops into skeletal structures
15
Q
Ossification
A
The process of a tissue becoming bone
16
Q
Endochondral
A
Tissue that becomes cartilage before becoming bone
17
Q
Hypothyroidism
A
Condition in which the thyroid is under active
18
Q
Medicolegal
A
Something of both medical and legal significance
19
Q
Myeloid
A
Bone marrow tissue
20
Q
Platelets
A
Cell without a nucleus found in blood and involved in clotting
21
Q
Globule
A
Small, round particle of a substance
22
Q
Medulla (Bone)
A
Innermost part (also known as the “marrow cavity”)
23
Q
Hemopoietic
A
Pertaining to the formation of blood or blood cells
24
Q
Leukemia
A
Bone marrow malignancy (blood cancer)
25
Osteoporosis
Bones weakened by too slow bone creation
26
Cortical (Bone)
Dense outer layer protecting internal cavity
27
Hydroxyapatite
Main inorganic constituent of tooth enamel and bone; mineral
28
Osteoblasts
Cells that form new bone
29
Insoluble
Cannot be dissolved
30
Callus (Bone)
Cartilaginous and bony material forming a bridge across a bone fracture during healing
31
Radial Epiphysis
The end of the radius closest to the wrist joint
32
Greenstick Fracture
A fracture where young bone bends and breaks
33
Avascular Necrosis
When a tissue dies due to lack of blood supply
34
Etiology
Cause of a disease or condition
35
Retinaculum
Thickened deep fascia around tendons that holds them in place
36
Juxta- articular
Near a joint
37
Bony Sclerosis
Abnormal increase in density and hardening of bone
38
Subchondral cyst
A fluid-filled space within a joint, extending from the bone forming the joint; caused by osteoarthritis
39
Fascia
Connective tissue formed from collagen that attaches, stabilizes, encloses and separates muscles and other internal organs
40
Bony Ankylosis
Stiffness of a joint due to abnormal bone adhesion and/or rigidity
41
Osteoarthritis
The wearing down or cartilage that worsens over time
42
Osteomyelitis
An infection of a bone
43
Steroid
Strong, anti-inflammatory medication
44
Intrapendicular Needle
A surgical instrument used in spinal surgery
45
Radiopaque Bone Cement
Also known as PMMA, used for implant fixation and to increase bone density in osteoporotic patients
46
Epiphyseal
End of a long bone (the bulky part)
47
Growth Plate
Also known as the epiphyseal plate, is an area of growing tissue at the end of a long bone
48
Metaphyseal
Area between the epiphysis and diaphysis containing the growth plate
49
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone
50
Synovial Joint
Joint found between two bones that move against each other, for example, the knee joint
51
Hyaline Cartilage
Most common type of cartilage, seen in synovial joints
52
Synovial Membrane
A membrane found in synovial joints that make synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint; is highly vascular
53
Fibrous Membrane
Attached to the whole articular end of each bone entering the joint
54
Articular
The part of the bone entering a joint
55
Synovial Bursae
A small sack of synovial fluid that can form outside of joints
56
Tendon Sheath
A structure that surrounds tendons and reduces friction
57
Articular Disc
Separates synovial cavities in joints
58
Bicondylar
A joint that has two sets of contact points and limited rotation, like the knee joint
59
Olecranon
Pointy part of the elbow; proximal end of the ulna
60
Abduction
Movement away from the mid line
61
Adduction
Movement toward midline
62
Circumduction
Movement of a joint in a circular manner
63
Sutures (Bone)
Place where two (or more) skull bones meet; fibrous joint
64
Gomphoses
Area of interaction between teeth and adjacent bone
65
Syndesmoses
Where two adjacent bones are linked by a ligament; fibrous joint
66
Synchondroses
Cartilage between two ossification centers in developing bone that eventually becomes completely ossified
67
Symphyses
Where two separate bones are connected by cartilage, for example, intervertebral discs
68
Osteophytes
A bony nodule near a joint
69
Degenerative Joint Disease
A condition where articular cartilage weards down over time; a type of arthritis
70
Acetabulum
The socket of the pelvis into which the head of the femur fits
71
Reamer
In a hip replacement surgery, the acetabulum is reshaped by a reamer, so the prostetic femoral head fits better
72
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Tissue lining the throat, mouth, and vagina
73
Epithelium
Tissue lining the outside of organs and blood vessels, as well as the internal cavities of many organs
74
Intramuscular Septa
Sheets of fascia that separate muscle groups in the limbs
75
Extraperitoneal fascia
Facia between lining of abdominal cavity and the lining of the abdominal muscles
76
Endothoracic fascia
Fascia between lining of thoracic cavity and the lining of thoracic muscles
77
Psoas muscle
Muscle extending from the lumbar spine to the head of the femur
78
Tuberculosis
A dangerous infection affecting mostly the lungs; spread by droplets
79
Inguinal Ligament
Ligament running from the pelvic ilium to the pelvic pubis
80
Skeletal Muscle
Most common type of muscle; found in bundles along bones, has stripes, capable of powerful contractions
81
Smooth Muscle
Elongated fibers capable of slow and sustained contractions, found in walls of blood vessels, eyes hair follicles, the walls of certain organs, etc.
82
Cardiac Muscle
Found in the walls of the heart and large blood vessels, less powerful than skeletal muscle and resistant to fatigue
83
Voluntary Muscle
Muscle controlled consciously (e.g. biceps brachii)
84
Involuntary Muscle
Muscle moved instinctively (e.g. myocardium)
85
Striated Muscle
Striped muscle (as opposed to smooth)
86
Somatic Muscle
Muscle associated with the body wall
87
Visceral Muscle
Muscle associated with organs or blood vessels
88
Multinucleated
More than one nucleus per cell
89
Visceral Motor Nerves
Nerves associated with organs or blood vessels
90
Motor Nerves
Nerves that tell muscles to move
91
Muscle Paralysis
The inability to move a specific muscle or muscle group, may be associated with other abnormalities
92
Muscle Atrophy
When muscle breaks down due to muscle damage and or disuse
93
Interstitial
Relating to or situated in the small, narrow spaces between tissues or parts of an organ
