The Brain And Cranial Nerves

Question 1

The adult brain consists of what four major parts?

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem

Question 2

What is the largest part of the brain that develops from the forebrain?

Answer 2

Cerebrum

Question 3

What does the diencephalon consist of?

Answer 3

Thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

Question 4

_________ is posterior to the brain stem and develops from the hindbrain

Answer 4

Cerebellum

Question 5

What does the brain stem consist of?

Answer 5

The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Question 6

The ______ is continuous with the spinal cord

Answer 6

Brain stem

Question 7

The _____ dura mater has two layers; the _____ dura mater only has one

Answer 7

Cranial has two; spinal has one

Question 8

What are the two layers that are a part of the cranial dura mater?

Answer 8

Periosteal layer and menigneal layer

Question 9

The cranial dura also forms dural reflections, the ________ and ________

Answer 9

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 10

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Answer 10

Falx cerebri

Question 11

What separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

Answer 11

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 12

What does the blood brain barrier consist of?

Answer 12

Mainly tight junctions that seal together the endothelial cells fo the brain blood capillaries
And a tick basement membrane that surround the capillaries

Question 13

What is cerebrospinal fluid produced by?

Answer 13

Choroid plexus

Question 14

_________ carries small amounts of oxygen, glucose and other chemicals front he blood to neurons and neuroglia

Answer 14

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

What flows within ventricles, canals and in subarachnoid space around CNS

Answer 15

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 16

What is cerebrospinal fluid absorbed by?

Answer 16

Arachnoid granulations into blood of superior sagittal sinus

Question 17

What are the 4 ventricles?

Answer 17

The 2 lateral ventricles, cerebral aqueduct (third ventricle) and the central canal (fourth ventricle)

Question 18

What connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?

Answer 18

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 19

What connects the two lateral ventricles?

Answer 19

Interventricular foramen

Question 20

What is the spongy mass of capillaries covered by ependymal cells?

Answer 20

Choroid plexus

Question 21

________ cells are neuroglia cells that line the entire surface of the ventricles and the canals of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 21

Ependymal cells

Question 22

What do ependymal cells secrete?

Answer 22

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 23

___________ are the right and left halves of the cerebrum that are separated by longitudinal fissure

Answer 23

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 24

What separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 24

The longitudinal fissure

Question 25

Within the longitudinal fissure is the _________

Answer 25

Falx cerebri

Question 26

_________ is a region of gray matter that forms the outer rim of the cerebrum

Answer 26

Cerebral cortex

Question 27

________ are cortical region rolls and folds on itself

Answer 27

Gyri

Question 28

_________, deepest grooves between folds | ________, shallower grooves between folds

Answer 28

Fissures | Sulci

Question 29

What is the broad band of white matter containing axons that extend between the two hemispheres

Answer 29

Corpus callosum

Question 30

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 30

The frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

Question 31

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

Answer 31

Central sulcus

Question 32

__________ located immediately anterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary motor area

Answer 32

Precentral gyrus

Question 33

___________, located posterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary somatosensory area

Answer 33

Postcentral gyrus

Question 34

What contains the primary motor area?

Answer 34

Precentral gyrus

Question 35

What contains the primary somatosensory area?

Answer 35

Post central gyrus

Question 36

What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?

Answer 36

Lateral cerebral sulcus

Question 37

What separates the partial lobe forms he occipital lobe?

Answer 37

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 38

Cerebral white matter consists of what?

Answer 38

Primarily myelinated axons and 3 types of tracts (associated, commissural, and projection)

Question 39

_________ tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere

Answer 39

Association

Question 40

__________ tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in other cerebral hemisphere

Answer 40

Commissural tracts

Question 41

What are examples of commissural tracts in the brain?

Answer 41

Corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior commissure

Question 42

________ tracts contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from eh cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS or from lower parts of the CNS to the cerebrum

Answer 42

Projection tracts

Question 43

What are considered the lower parts of the CNS?

Answer 43

Thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord

Question 44

What does the primary somatosensory area receive nerve impulses for?

Answer 44

Touch, pressure, vibration, itch, ticket, temp, pain and proprioception

Question 45

Where is the primary visual association area located and what does it receive?

Answer 45

Located at the posterior tip of the occipital lobe | Recieves visual information

Question 46

Where is the primary auditory area located and what is it involve in?

Answer 46

Located in the superior part of the temporal lobe | Involved in auditory perception

Question 47

Where is the primary gustatory area located and what does it do?

Answer 47

Located at the base of the post central gyrus superior to the lateral cerebral sulcus in the parietal cortex Receives impulses for taste

Question 48

Where is the primary olfactory area located?

Answer 48

Located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 49

What are the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 49

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerve, hypoglossal *** pneumonic: Oh, Oh, Oh, Then The Anatomy Faculty Visited George’s Vegas Accessory Hotel

Question 50

What cranial nerves control the muscles that move the eyeballs?

Answer 50

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV) and Abducens (VI) Nerves

Question 51

What are the three branches of the trigeminal (CN V)

Answer 51

Opthalamic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve

Question 52

________ nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve and passes into the orbit vis the superior orbital fissure

Answer 52

Opthalamic

Question 53

________ nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve that passes through the foramen rotundum

Answer 53

Maxillary nerve

Question 54

What nerve passes through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 54

Maxillary nerve

Question 55

______ nerve passes through the foramen ovale

Answer 55

Mandibular nerve

Question 56

________ nerve is a mixed cranial nerve that supplies the muscles of expression and carry taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and carry parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion

Answer 56

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 57

What nerve carries impulses for equilibrium?

Answer 57

Vestibulocochlear (IV)

Question 58

What is the mixed cranial nerve that carries motor, sensory and parasympathetic to the parotid gland

Answer 58

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 59

What nerve is a mixed cranial nerve that is distributed from the head and neck into the thorax and abdomen?

Answer 59

Vagus (CN X)

Question 60

What nerve originates in the spinal cord and enters thought he foramen magnum then excite through jugular foramen

Answer 60

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 61

What nerve passes through the Hypoglossal canal to supply the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 61

Hypoglossal nerve