The Brain and Intro

Question 1

Basic unit of the nervous system

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

Chemicals that allow neurons to send a signal across the synapse to another neuron

Answer 2

Neurotransmitters

Question 3

2 types of neurotransmitters

Answer 3

Monoamine 
-norepinephrine 
-serotonin
-dopamine
Amino Acids
-GABA (inhibitory)
-glutamate (excitatory)

Question 4

GABA

Answer 4

• inhibitory
• benzodiazepines
• reduce anxiety
  low: bipolar, anxiety disorders
  high: heightened-control, relax

Question 5

Serotonin

Answer 5

• inhibitory
• appetite, mood regulation, temperature, sexual activity, thought processes
  low: depression, suicidal tendencies, anxiety
  high: serotonin syndrome

Question 6

Norepinephrine

Answer 6

• excitatory
• fight or flight response, alertness, arousal, attention
  low: low alertness, poor memory, depression, adhd
  high: panic attack, anxiety

Question 7

Dopamine

Answer 7

• excitatory
• mediates pleasure in the brain, learning, focus, movement
  low: parkinson’s disease, depressions
  high: schizophrenia

Question 8

Glutamate

Answer 8

• most common neurotransmitter in CNS, cognition, learning, memory
  low: huntington’s disease
  high: facilitate psychosis, neuron death

Question 9

Epinephrine

Answer 9

• Excitatory
• mental alertness, metabolism, heart rate, breathing
  low: fatigue, weight gain, poor concentration
  high: acute stress, sleep disorders, lowered immunity

Question 10

Temporal lobe

Answer 10

• auditory reception
• processing of visual info
• long-term memory

Question 11

Occipital lobe

Answer 11

-visual reception area

Question 12

Parietal lobe

Answer 12

-sensation, body position

Question 13

Frontal lobe

Answer 13

-order info, sort out sitmuli, high cognitive functions

Question 14

Thalamus

Answer 14

kind of communications relay station for all sensory info transmitted to the cerebral cortex

Question 15

Hypothalamus

Answer 15

regulation of body functions (eating, drinking, body temperature, sexual behavior and emotion, fight or flight response

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

-balance, breathing, posture

Question 17

Reticular formation

Answer 17

cause sleeping organism to awaken and an awake organism to become even more alert

Question 18

Limbic system

Answer 18

hippocampus (control impulses)

amygdala

Question 19

basal ganglia

Answer 19

twitch, shake motor activity

Question 20

Cerebral cortex

Answer 20

Reason, perception, thinking

Question 21

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 21

Excitatory

-responsible for expenditure of energy

Question 22

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 22

-heartbeat deceleration, pupil constriction

Question 23

Psychotropic meds

Answer 23

Reduce symptoms of mental dysfunction

Question 24

Agonist

Answer 24

Increase neurotransmitter activity by mimicking its effects

*inverse agonist -produce opposite effects of neurotransmitter

Question 25

Antagonist

Answer 25

Decrease neurotransmitter activity by mimicking its effects

Question 26

Focuses on how people and animals structure their experiences, how they make sense of them and how they relate their current experiences tp past ones that have been stored in memory

Answer 26

Cognitive science

Question 27

Components of emotion

Answer 27

- expressive - experiential - physiological

Question 28

Types of affect

Answer 28

- broad- healthy - restricted -not obvious - blunted -become absent - flat -nothing - labile- excessive; inappropriate

Question 29

Hikkimori in Japanese culture

Answer 29

Social withdrawal

Question 30

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 30

Diathesis-underlying disposition | stress-environmental events

Question 31

Equifinality

Answer 31

-consider various paths to a particular outcome, not just the result

Question 32

Internal validity

Answer 32

Confidence that the IV is causing the DV to change

Question 33

Categorical approach

Answer 33

Presence or absence or a disorder | either you are anxious or not

Question 34

Dimensional approach

Answer 34

Rank on a continuous quantitive dimension - degree to which a symptom is present - how anxious are u on a scale of 1-10? - better capture an individual's functioning

Question 35

Prototypical approach

Answer 35

A categorical approach but with the twist which basically combines features of the former approaches