The Brainstem and Diencephalon Flashcards by Emma Thomson

Q

what are the three parts of the brainstem, from superior to inferior?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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Q

what specific part of the brainstem is highlighted?

A

medulla oblongata: pyramids

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Q

what specific part of the brainstem is highlighted and what is its function?

A

medulla oblongata: olive
it functions to relay fibres from the brain and spinal cord to the cerebellum

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Q

the roots of which nerve are highlighted?

A

hypoglossal CN XII

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Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

accessory nerve CN XI

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Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

vagus CN X

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Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

glossopharyngeal CN IX

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Q

which nerve is highlighted?

A

vestibulocochlear CN VIII

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Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

facial nerve CN VII

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Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

trigeminal CN V

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Q

the roots of which nerve is highlighted?

A

abducens CN VI

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Q

which nerve is highlighted?

A

trochlear CN IV

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Q

the roots of which nerve are highlighted?

A

oculomotor nerve CN III

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Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

optic chiasma

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Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

optic tract

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Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

pituitary gland

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Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

pituitary stalk

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Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

hypothalamus

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Q

what specific part of the hypothalamus is this?

A

lamina terminalis

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Q

what specific part of the hypothalamus is this?

A

mammillary body

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Q

what is the highlighted structure called?

A

midbrain: cerebral crus

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Q

what is the highlighted structure?

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A

fourth ventricle

Q

what is the highlighted structure?

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A

middle cerebellar peduncle

Q

what is the highlighted structure?

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A

superior cerebellar peduncle

what is the highlighted structure?

inferior cerebellar peduncle

what is the highlighted structure?

superior medullary velum

what is the highlighted structure?

tectum: inferior colliculi

what is the highlighted structure?

superior colliculi

what is the highlighted structure? and what is its function?

epithalamus: pineal gland - releases melatonin in response to darkness, which regulates the body clock.

identify which cranial fossa the brainstem lies in

posterior cranial fossa

embryologically, which two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?

mesencephalon and metencephalon

what are the cavities of the ventricular system that lie within the brainstem?

cerebral aqueduct fourth ventricle

CN V emerges from which specific part of brainstem?

lateral aspect of mid pons

CN VI emerges from

the pontomedullary junction close to the midline

CN VII emerges from

the lateral aspect of the pontomedullary junction

CN VII emerges from

the lateral aspect of pontomedullary junction, lateral to facial nerve

which of the cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?

CN VI

what is the function of the olives of the brainstem?

contain olivary nucleus that recieves input from motor and sensory cortices

what is the function of the pyramids of the medulla?

carry motor fibres from corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

what seperates the spinal cord from the medulla?

the decussation of the pyramids

which structure does the 'open' part of the medulla open into?

fourth ventricle

through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord?

foramen magnum

label the medulla

what is the green highlighted area of the brainstem called?

pons

what is the middle cerebellar peduncle composed of?

motor fibres

label

label

what part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

thalamus

what part of the brain lies immediately inferior to the midbrain?

pons, cerebellum

what kind of fibres make uo the cerebral peduncles are where are they destined for?

motor fibres, connect brainstem to thalamus

what structures compose the diencephalon?

thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus (pineal gland)

what is the arrow pointing to?

epithalamus (pineal gland)

which two parts of the brain does the diencephalon lie between?

cerebrum and brainstem

what are the surface projections visible on the surface of the thalamus called?

infundibulum