The breast

Question 1

Breast definition

Answer 1

Modified sweat gland located in the superficial fascia of the anterior chest wall.

Question 2

The tail of spense (Axillary tail) definition

Answer 2

The part of the breast that extends deep to the lateral margin of the chest into the axilla.

Question 3

What are the three layers of the breast

Answer 3

1. Subcutaneous layer
2. Mammory layer
3. Retromammory layer

Question 4

Subcutaneous layer definition

Answer 4

Layer that lies between the skin and the anterior mammory fascia

Question 5

Mammory layer definition

Answer 5

The middle layer that lies between the anterior mammory fascia and posterior fascia.

Question 6

Retromammory layer definition

Answer 6

The deepest layer, contains fat, blood vessels and lymphatics

Question 7

Where are the three layers located

Answer 7

Between the skin and the pectoralis muscle on the anterior of the chest wall.

Question 8

What are the subcutaneous layer made up of

Answer 8

Fatty tissue

Question 9

Cooper ligaments definition

Answer 9

The fibrous connections between the inner side of the breast skin and the pectoral muscle

Question 10

The mammory layer is known as

Answer 10

The functional layer

Question 11

Lactiferous duct definition

Answer 11

Duct that carries milk from the mammory gland to the nipple.

Question 12

Terminal ductal lobar unit (TDLU)

Answer 12

The functional unit of the breast and consist of a lobule and its extralobular terminal duct.

Question 13

Acini definition

Answer 13

Sac like structures that produce milk during lactation

Question 14

What produces milk during lactation

Answer 14

Acini

Question 15

Retromammory layer is made up of what

Answer 15

• Fatty tissue
• Cooperligaments
• Pectoralis minor muscle
• Pectoralis major muscle
• Ribs
• Chest wall

Question 16

What is the main function of the breast

Answer 16

Fluid transportation

Question 17

What is the main arterial supply of the breast

Answer 17

Internal mammory and lateral thoracic artery

Question 18

Through what is the venous drainage of the breast

Answer 18

Superficial veins

Question 19

The lymphatic drainage of the breast

Answer 19

Through the axillary lymph nodes

Question 20

Three groups of lymphatic drainage

Answer 20

1. Group 1 (level 1)
2. Group 2 (level 2)
3. Group 3 (level 3)

Question 21

Lymphatic drainage group 1

Answer 21

Inferior to the pectoralis muscle

Question 22

Lymphatic drainage group 2

Answer 22

Posterior to the pectoralis muscle

Question 23

Lymphatic drainage group 3

Answer 23

Proximal to superiomedial border of pectoralis minor muscle

Question 24

What are the three general categories for diagnosis of breast cancer

Answer 24

1. Breast cancer evaluation
2. Diagnostic interrogation
3. Interventional breast procedures

Question 25

What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer

Answer 25

New or growing lump Usually painless Fluctuates with hormonal cycle Not relating to hormonal cycle Unilateral single duct nipple discharge Surface nipple lesion New nipple retraction New focal skin dimpling or retraction Unilateral New or growing axillary lump Hot red breast

Question 26

What to look for when a lump is identified in breast

Answer 26

Hard Gritty Irregular surface

Question 27

What to look for when there is nipple discharge

Answer 27

Spontaneous or resistant Serous or bloody

Question 28

What are the interventional methods to further evaluate a breath lesion

Answer 28

Cyst aspiration FNA for cytology Core needle biopsy for histology Injection of radioactive tracers for sentinel node identification and mapping Preoperative needle wire localization of masses for surgery

Question 29

What is the difference between screening and diagnostic mammography

Answer 29

Screening mammography: 1. Used to detect changes in women experiencing no signs or symptoms or observable breast anomalies 2. The goal is to detect breast cancer before any sign or symptoms appear 3. At least two views from different angles of each breast to cover all the breast tissue Diagnostic mammography: 1. Used to investigate suspicious breast changes or women experiencing signs and symptoms such as breast pain, breast lump, unusual skin appearance, nipple thickening and nipple discharge 2. Used to evaluate abnormal findings found on screening mammography 3. Additional images can be taken from different angles or focus on areas of concern with greater magnification

Question 30

Craniocuadal view on mammography

Answer 30

Breast is visualized from the head to the feet so from the top downward and visualizing the medial aspect or the breast.

Question 31

How is the craniocuadal view done

Answer 31

The caset is placed under the intramammory fold. The breast is then puked until the fold is tought. Compression is applied and the x ray beam is directed virtually above.

Question 32

What does the mediolateral oblique view demonstrate on mammography

Answer 32

The breast from the chest to the outside is demonstated This overs the best visualization of the maximum amount of breast tissue

Question 33

How isnthe mediolateral oblique view imaged

Answer 33

The image plate is placed parallel to the pectoralis muscle

Question 34

Magnification

Answer 34

Helps in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions by giving a precise view of the margin and architectural characteristics of the focal density of the mass

Question 35

What are the two types of breast cancer

Answer 35

1. Sarcoma 2. Carsinoma

Question 36

Sarcoma of the breast

Answer 36

Breast tumor that arises from supportive connective tissue and grows rapidly and invade fibrous tissue