The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(28 cards)
What does the cardiovascular system contain? And what is its main function?
It contains the heart and all the arteries and veins. Its function is to transport oxygen, carbon and nutrients to the cells in the body.
What is the job of arteries and veins?
Arteries will take highly oxygenated blood to the lungs and veins will take poorly oxygenated blood back to the heart.
What are the 3 layers of pericardium?
Fibrous Layer: The outmost and thickest layer
Parietal Layer: Serous pericardium has 2 layers
Visceral Layer: The inner most layer
What are the cuspid valves made of?
Chordae Tendineae
What is sulcus?
It is a grove in the heart where major veins/arteries sit in, it is covered in fat for protection.
What is the functions of self excitable cardiac muscle?
They are designed to tell the heart to contract.
What is the SA node and it’s pathway?
It is the pacemaker of the heart, it can generate electrical signals and will send the signals to the AV node splitting into purkinje fibres.
What are purkinje fibres?
They deliver signals to the ventricles leading to a coordinate contraction of the ventricles and papillary muscles.
What are the branches of arteries as they leave the heart?
The elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles and capillaries.
What are the branches of veins as they leave the heart?
capillaries to small venule, medium and large veins
What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?
The tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa.
What is the job of semilunar valves?
They help return blood to the heart because the veins cannot contract.
What is the musculovenous pump?
It is a pump for when muscles contracts squishing the vein which can push blood back to the heart.
What are the 3 branches of the aorta?
The brachiocepalic, the left common carotid and left subclavian artery.
What is the articular pathway of the common carotid arteries?
They will split into the internal and external carotid arteries, the internal carotid will enter the cranial cavity to the oral cavity. The external will go from the side of the face to the maxillary and right superficial temporal artery.
What is the articular pathway of the subclavian arteries?
The axillary artery, brachial artery, to the deep brachial artery, radial and medial artery.
What is a palmer arch and what does it contain?
The superficial/deep arteries will join together to form the palmer arches called an anastomose.
What is the pathway of the aorta?
Descending aorta crosses the diaphragm, abdominal aorta, right and left iliac artery..
From the iliac arteries what is the articular pathway to the foot?
Common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, external iliac artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior/posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis and medial/lateral artery.
What is the venous pathway from the medial/lateral planter vein to the inguinal ligament.
It will drain to the posterior tibial vein, fibular vein connecting anterior/superior to the popliteal vein, the femoral vein to the external iliac vein.
What are the superficial veins called in the lower leg?
The great/small saphenous vein and femoral vein.
How do visceral veins filtrate blood? What is it called?
Heptic portal circulation. It starts at the superior mesenteric vein, to the inferior draining into the splenic vein to the hepatic portal vein going to the liver.
What is the pathway of the azygos veins to the inferior vena cava?
It runs down the vertebral column to the superior vena cava, visceral veins will also drain from the azygos. There is also the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos.
Where does the cutaneous vein drain into?
It will drain into the cephalic vein, then into the axillary deep vein.
