Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PE - Anatomy And Physiology > The Cardiovascular system keywords > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular system keywords Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Arteries

A

Take blood away from the heart at high pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Veins

A

take blood back to the heart at low pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capillaries

A

delicate blood vessels that exist throughout the body. They transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in organs and body systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vena cava inferior and superior

A

O2 poor blood transported from body/ muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

O2 poor blood to the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aorta

A

O2 rich blood transported to body and muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

O2 rich blood to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myogenic

A

the capacity of the heart to generate its own impulse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SAN (sinoatrial node)

A

Pacemaker of the heart- produces the electrical impulse in the heart. Myogenic impulse spreads through atria causing contraction of the muscle (atrial systole).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AVN (atrioventricular node)

A

Impulse reaches the AVN, delays for 0.1-0.2 seconds which allows for the ventricles to fill fully.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of cardiac tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BoH (bundle of his) and BoB (bundle of branches)

A

Impulse reaches passes through the BoH and BoB to the perkyne fibres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Perkyne fibres

A

muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ventricular systole.

A

Ventricular tissue contracts from the bottom upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of cardiac tissue, when the heart relaxes and fills with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sympathetic system

A

A part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds up HR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

Part of the autonomic system that slows down HR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

The most important part of the brain as it regulates processes that keep us alive e.g. breathing and heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Tiny structures in the carteroid arteries and aortic arch that detect changes in blood acidity caused by an increase or decrease in the concentration of CO2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Special sensors in tissues in the aortic arch, cartoid sinus, heart and pulmonary vessels that respond to changes in blood pressure to either increase or decrease HR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Sensory nerve endings in the muscle, tendons and joints that detect changes in muscle movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adrenaline

A

A stress hormone that is released by the sympathetic nerves and cardiac nerve during exercise which causes an increase in heartrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stroke volume (SV)

A

The volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction. (ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

average SV of an adult at rest

A

70ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
starlings rule of the heart
the greater venous return, the greater stroke volume is. As venous return increases the walls of the ventricles are stretched further. Results in a more powerful contraction.
26
venous return
blood returning to the heart from the body increases.
27
starlings law 5
increased venous return greater diastolic filling of the heart cardiac muscle stretched more force of contraction increased ejection fraction
28
Ejection fraction
the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat.
29
Ejection fraction- Equation
amount of blood (ml) pumped out of the left ventricle per beat/ total amount of blood in the left ventricle per beat x100
30
Heart rate (HR)
No. of beats in a heart per minute.
31
average HR
72bpm
32
Cardiac output (Q)
The volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles per minute. (litres per minute)
33
Equation which links cardiac output, stroke volume and heartrate.
Q= SV x HR
34
average cardiac output
5.04L/min
35
Cardiac hypertrophy
The thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger, it can also mean a larger ventricular cavity.
36
Bradycardia
A decrease in resting heartrate to below 60bpm.
37
anticipatory rise
Slight increase in heart rate usually before activity starts due to the expectation of exercise, caused by the release of oxygen.
38
adrenaline
a stress hormone that is released by the sympathetic nerves and cardiac nerve during exercise which causes an increase in heart rate
39
CHD (coronary heart disease)
caused by atherosclerosis blocking blood in the coronary arteries
40
atherosclerosis
fatty deposits (atheroma's) which gradually narrow and block coronary arteries by lining the inside walls.
41
atheroma
fatty deposits in the blood
42
angina
chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through the coronary arteries to the muscles of the heart is restricted.
43
LDL cholesterol
low density lipoproteins, transport cholesterol in the blood to tissues leading to CHD.
44
HDL cholesterol
High density lipoproteins, transport cholesterol in the blood to the liver to be broken down and removed.
45
stroke
a stroke occurs when blood supply to the brain is cut off
46
Ischaemic stroke
blood clot stops O2 supply.
47
Haemorrhagic stroke
blood vessel bursts
48
disability
physical, sensory or mental impairment which adversely affects performance.
49
steady state
where the athlete is able to meet the oxygen demand with the oxygen supply
50
cardiovascular drift
the upward drift of heart rate over time, a decline in stroke volume and the continued maintenance of cardiac output
51
what occurs during cardiovascular drift
cardiovascular drift occurs after a period of exercise heart rate increases stroke volume decreases because fluid lost as sweat resulting in reduces plasma vol reduced venous return cardiac output also increases due to more energy needed to cool body/sweat
52
pulmonary circulation
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart.
53
systemic circulation
oxygenated blood to the body from the heart and then the return of deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
54
vascular system
heart arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins heart
55
blood pressure
the force exerted by the blood against vessels
56
systolic pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting
57
diastolic pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing
58
venous return
return of blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava
59
skeletal muscle pump (venous return mechanisms)
when muscles contract and relax they change shape. this change in shape means that the muscles press on the nearby veins and cause a pumping effect and squeeze the blood towards the heart.
60
the respiratory pump (venous return mechanisms)
when muscles contract and relax during breathing in and breathing out, pressure changes occur in the thoracic (chest) and abdominal (stomach) cavities. these changes in pressure compress the nearby veins and assist blood return to the heart.
61
pocket valves
it is important that blood in the veins only flows in one direction. the presence of valves ensures that this happens. this is because once the blood has passed through the valves, they close to prevent the blood flowing back.
62
plasma
the fluid part of blood (mainly water) that surrounds blood cells and transports them
63
haemoglobin
an iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells, which combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
64
myoglobin
muscle haemoglobin. an iron containing muscle pigment in slow twitch muscle fibres it has a higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin. it stores the oxygen in the muscle fibres which can be used quickly when exercise begins.
65
mitachondria
often referred to as the powerhouse of thew cell as respiration and energy production occur there.
66
bohr shift
when an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in ph results in a reduction in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.
67
factors responsible for increase in dissociation of oxygen.
increase in blood temp- when blood and muscle temp increases during exercise, oxygen will dissociate from haemoglobin more readily partial pressure of co2 increases- as the level of blood carbon dioxide rises during exercise, oxygen will dissociate faster from haemoglobin. pH- more carbon dioxide will lower the pH in the blood. a drop in blood pH will cause oxygen to dissociate from haemoglobin more quickly.
68
pH
A measure of acidity. the range goes 1 to 14 and anything less than 7 indicates acidity.
69
vascular shunt mechanism
the redistribution of cardiac output
70
vasodilation
the widening of the blood vessels to increase the flow of blood into the capillaries
71
vasoconstriction
the narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce blood flow into the capillaries
72
artero-venous difference
the difference between the oxygen content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving the muscles

PE - Anatomy And Physiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions