The Catholic Threat Flashcards
(29 cards)
Why and when does Elizabeth’s toleration towards Catholics end?
Early 1570s as they became more of a threat
What were Jesuits?
Part of the ‘Society of Jesus’, they tried to destroy Protestantism and arrived in England in 1580
Why did Elizabeth make the fine £20 to convert others to Catholicism
To stop the spread of Seminary Priests
Who was William Allen?
He set up a college for priests in Douai
The priests (438) were sent to England
in 1585, they were ordered to leave and 98 were sentenced to death
When was the Excommunication?
1570
What did Parliament do in response to the Papal Bull?
They passed the 1571 Treason Act, made any reference to the Papal Bull illegal and took property away from Catholics that went abroad for longer a than year
What were recusants?
Catholics who refused to attend church services
What and when was the first Catholic Plot against Elizabeth?
The Rebellion of the Northern Earls (1569)
What and when was the first Catholic Plot against Elizabeth?
The Rebellion of the Northern Earl (1569)
When did Mary Queen of Scots arrive in England?
1568
Who was Prince Francis of France?
Mary QoS first husband, died in 1560
When was Mary QoS sent to France?
1548, she was educated in Catholic France
When did Mary QoS return to Scotland and what happened?
She returned in 1561, Scotland had become mostly Protestant
In 1565, she married Henry Stuart who later fell sick
On the 9th of February 1567, Mary attended a wedding and the house was blown up yet Stuart’s body was strangled
Mary married the Earl of Bothwell 3 months after Stuart’s death
Protestant Lords thought this was too far and imprisoned her at Loch Leven castle
She escaped and arrived in England in 1568
What was the cause of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
The arrival of Mary QoS in England
North of England was mostly Catholic
Wanted to marry Mary to the Duke of Norfolk
Who led the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
Earl of Northumberland and Earl of Westmoreland
What happened during the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
In November (1569), Earl of Westmoreland and Earl of Northumberland marched into Durham with 4600 men and held a Catholic mass in the Durham cathedral and tore up the Protestant prayer book Elizabeth's troops marched north
Why did the Rebellion of Northern Earls fail?
Elizabeth acted quickly
It was poorly planned
Many people still supported Elizabeth
Lacked foreign support
What was the aftermath of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
Northumberland was caught and beheaded
Westmoreland fled to Flanders where he died in poverty
800 rebels were executed
What and when was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
Organised by Roberto Ridolfi, a Florentine merchant who had settled in England
It involved Mary QoS, Robert Ridolfi, De Spes, the pope, Duke of Norfolk and Philip II of Spain
Planned to have a Spanish army invade England and overthrow Elizabeth and for Mary QoS to marry Duke of Norfolk
Why did the Ridolfi plot fail and what was its aftermath?
William Cecil and Francis Walsingham foiled their plan
Norfolk was executed
Ridolfi and De Spes were expelled from England
What and when was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583-4
Organised by Francis Throckmorton, French and Spanish Catholics wanted to free Mary
Throckmorton acted as the messenger between Mary and the Spanish ambassador, De Mendoza
How did the Throckmorton Plot fail and what was the aftermath?
Plot discovered by Elizabeth’s secret service
Mary was moved to Tutbury Castle (further south away from Catholic north), banned from receiving visitors and her mail was checked
Throckmorton was arrested, tortured and executed
Mendoza was expelled from England
Who was De Mendoza?
The Spanish ambassador
What and when was the Babington Plot?
1586
Organised by Anthony Babington
Wrote in a code to Mary, informing her about the plot to kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary with the help of Spain
The letters were intercepted by Walsingham and in August 1586 Babington was arrested and confessed
