The Cell Flashcards
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Invented the first microscope in 17th century Holland. First person to observe living things under a microscope.
Rober Hooke
1665: developed a microscope that allowed him to study cork tissue. He coined the term “cell”
Matthias Schleiden
German botanist (1838): found that all plants are made of cells by studying living things under the new microscopes.
Theodor Schwann
1839: found that all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
1855: discovered that wherever a cell exists, there was a pre-existing cell. a pathologist studying cell reproduction.
Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the basic unit of all organisms
All cells arise from preexisting cells
Plant Cells
10-100 micrometers (µm) in diameter
Cell walls and a plasma membrane
No centrioles/centrosomes
Chloroplasts and other plastids
Large central vacuoles
No lysosomes
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Animal Cells
10-100 micrometers (µm) in diameter
Centrioles and centrosomes
No chloroplasts and other plastids
Small vacuoles
Plasma membrane only
Lysosomes
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Prokaryote Cells
No nucleus or internal membranes
Make up bacteria
Contains one (circular) chromosome
Can contain plasmids
Small Ribosomes
Both anaerobic or aerobic respiration
No cytoskeletal elements (ex: microfilaments)
Mostly unicellular
Small: 1-10 µm
Most have exeternal cell walls
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Eukaryote Cells
Complex cells with a nucleus
Make up everything but bacteria
Linear Chromosomes
No plasmids
Large Ribosomes
Mostly aerobic respiration
Has Cytoskeletal elements (microfilaments)
10-100 µm
Most only have a cell membrane
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Cell
Surrounded by membrane – regulates passage of materials
Contain nucleic acid – direct the cell’s activities and controls inheritance
A cell’s function directs its form
The Theory of Endosymbiosis
Eukarotic cells evovled from small prokaryotes living inside of other larger prokaryotic cells about 2 billion years ago
Nucleus
Large central organelle that contains genetic material and controls cellular activities
Contains chromosomes made of DNA wrapped in histones into a chromatin netwwork
Ribosome
An organelle responsible for protein synthesis. Ribsomes are located in cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum Made of ribosomal RNA and protein
Nucleolus
A prominent region inside the nucleus. It makes components of ribosomes
