The Cell Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the characteristics of living things?
All living things MOVE.
RESPIRATION- getting energy from food
SENSITIVITY- detect and respond to changes in the surroundings
All living things GROW
REPRODUCE
EXCRETION- getting rid of waste
NUTRITION- taking in and using food
What are the levels of organisation in the human body?
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissue
Organs
Body system
What is a molecule?
Molecule is formed when two or more atoms of a specific element are chemically joined together
What is a compound?
Two or more different types of atom combined
Where are electrolytes found in the body?
Blood
What charge does electrolytes have within the body? Why?
Have positive or negative charge so it has an ability to conduct electricity withing cells and carry electrical impulses across the cell membrane.
Essential for muscle and nerve function, maintaining fluid balances and maintaining pH of body fluids
What is sodium imporant for?
Control of heart rate
Muscle movement
Nerve impulses
What is potassium essential for
Heart rate control
Nerve and muscle
Blood pH
What is chloride essential for?
Fluid balance
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Hold contents of the cell
Has channels that control the movement of substances in and out cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm
Surround and protects the nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus
Controls chromosomes
Control centre of the cell
Pores in the nucleus membrane allows movement from inside nucleus to cytoplasm
What is the function of the mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum
Network allows substances to be transported around cell
What is the function of the ribosome
Makes proteins
What is the function Golgi apparatus
Exports products out of the cell
What is the function of lysosomes
Waste collectors- has enzymes to breakdown the waste products
What is the function of the cytoskeleton
Networks of protein fibres which provide structural support
Maintain cell shape and facilitate movement
What is cellular respiration
Production of chemical energy from oxygen and glucose
C6H12O6+6O2=6H2O+ENERGY
GLUCOSE+OXYGEN=WATER+CARBON DIOXIDE+ATP
What must cells do to survive and grow
Obtain nutrients
Synthesise materials for growth, repair and division
Provide energy for movement and metabolic processes
Excrete waste
Maintain a stable concentration of chemicals in the cell
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis results in two genetically identiacal cells and is how all body cells grow except gametes
Meiosis is splitting the cells and is only the gametes
What is the full form of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Outline the cell cycle
G1 (growth)
Interphase
G2
Mitotic phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase,telophase + cytokinesis)
