The cell Flashcards
Unit 1 (101 cards)
1
Q
2 Types of Cells
A
Gainets & Somatic
2
Q
Gainet cells
A
Sex sells
3
Q
Somatic cells
A
All other cells (non sex cells)
4
Q
Cell membrane functions
A
- Physical barrier
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cell sensitivity
5
Q
Cell membrane structure
A
- Phospholipids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
6
Q
phospholipid structure
A
bilayer, fatty acid tails
7
Q
2 Types of proteins
A
Integral & Peripheral
8
Q
Protein functions
A
- Act as channel
- Act as receptors
- Identifies
- Attachment
9
Q
Carbohydrates function
A
form glucose
10
Q
Solvent
A
Dissolver
11
Q
Solute
A
What’s being dissolved
12
Q
Solution
A
Soute and solvent together
13
Q
Concentration
A
Amount of solute per volume of solution
14
Q
Brownian movement
A
Random movements of solute
15
Q
Kinetic energy
A
energy of movement
16
Q
Where is kinetic energy found?
A
Solvents
17
Q
Types of transport processes
A
Passive & Active
18
Q
Types of Passive transport
A
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Filtration
19
Q
Types of diffusion
A
Simple & Facilitated
20
Q
Saturation
A
to full extent
21
Q
Passive transport
A
Doesn’t use ATP
22
Q
Active transport
A
uses ATP
23
Q
What drives diffusion?
A
Concentration gradient
24
Q
What moves in diffusion & In what direction
A
- the solute
- area of high to area of low
25
Facilitated diffusion
process used for substances that cannot cross the Lipid bilayer due to factors
26
What factor affect the rate of diffusion
1. Size of concentration gradient
2. Distance between concentration
3. Size of the solute
4. Temperature
27
What drives osmosis
Concentration gradient
28
What moves in osmosis & in what direction
- water
- area of low to area of high
29
Toncity terms
1. Hypertonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Isotonic
30
Hypertonic
Solution that has a higher solute concentration than cell
31
Hypotonic
Solution that has a lower solute concentration than cell
32
Isotonic
Solution that has the same solute concentration as cell
33
What is the net movement of water in a hypotonic solution
Water rushes inside the cell causing it to burst
34
Lysis
occur when the cell swells and burst
35
What is the net movement of water in a hypertonic solution
Water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrink
36
Cremate
cell shrinks
37
What is the net movement of water in Isotonic solution
There is no net movement
-homeostasis
38
Types of active transport
ATP pump
Vesicular transport
39
What is active transport driven by
ATP
40
Where is ATP pump located
Cells membrane
41
ATP Pump function
Move a solute against its concentration gradient
42
Type of vesicle transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
43
Endocytosis
Cell brings something into it
44
types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
45
Phagocytosis
Cell brings in a large solid
46
Pinocytosis
cell brings in a large volume of solution
47
Exocytosis
Cell releases or secretes something
48
What is cytoplasm
Everything inside the cell
49
2 things inside the cytoplasm
Cytosol
Organelles
50
What is cytosol
the water and any solutes dissolved in it
51
What is organelles
3D structure in the cell
52
What are the types of organelles
nonmembranous
membranous
53
define nonmembranous
doesnt have a membrane
54
Cytoskeleton function
cell shape/structure
movement of cell
attachment
55
Microvilli function
increase surface area for absorption
56
Cilia function
move things across top of cell
57
Centrioles function
Move DNA during cell division
58
Ribosome function
site of protein synthesis
59
types of ribosomes
free
fixed
60
Free ribosome function
make proteins that will not be packaged
61
FIxed ribosome function
makes proteins that will be packaged
62
Nucleolus
site of some RNA synthesis
63
Membranous
surrounded by membrane
64
Types of nonmembranous organelles
Many Candy Can Not Really Chew
Cytoskeleton
microvilli
cilia
centrioles
ribosomes
nucleolus
65
Types of membranous organelles
Many Girls Like Extra Pink Nailpolish
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic recticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Nucleus
66
Mitochondria
makes ATP
67
Endoplasmic reticulum types
Rough
smooth
68
Rough ER
makes protein
69
Smooth ER
site of steriod hormone synthesis
stores calcium
70
Golgi apparatus
modify and package proteins made by rough ER
71
Lysosome
contains digestive enzymes
72
Peroxisome
contains degrade enzymes
73
Nucleus
stores DNA
74
Deoxyribonucleic Acid function
store genetic code
75
genetic code
blueprints for all proteins
76
Nucleotides
building blocks for DNA
77
What does nucleotides contains
Phosphate
monosaccharide
Nitrogenous base
78
What monossacharide base does DNA contains
Deoxyribose
79
What nitrogenous base does DNA contains
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
80
Complementary base pairing for DNA
A -> T
G -> C
Vise versa
81
What is a double helix
double strand of DNA
82
DNA replication
Occurs in nucleus prior to cell divison
83
DNA polymerase
enzyme attach complementary free DNA nucleotides
84
Ribonucleic Acid
RNA
85
RNA structure
composed of nucleotides
single stranded
86
DNA structure
Double stranded
composed of nucleotides
87
What is the monosaccharide base for RNA
ribose
88
What is the Nitrogenous base for RNA
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
89
Types of RNA
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
90
What plays as the factory where parts are assembled
RIbosome rRNA
91
what plays as the original blueprint ina safe
DNA in the nucleus
92
what plays are the parts that will be assembled
amino acids
93
What plays as the copy of blueprint sent to factory
mRNA
94
What plays as the truck delivery part to factory
tRNA
95
What is transcription
when the DNA is copied
96
Gene:
part of DNA that contains the genetic code for protein
97
Triplet
Sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases on DNA that codes for a single amino acid in the protein
98
RNA polymerase
enzyme attaches complementary free RNA nucleotides
99
What is translation
When DNA converts copy to RNA
100
Anticodon
sequence of nitrogenous bases on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA
101
Codon
Sequence of 3 nitrogenous base on mRNA that code for a single amino acid in the protein
