The Cell

Question 1

The plasma membrane is a ___________, sturdy barrier surrounding the cell contents, separating it from the external environment.

Answer 1

FLEXIBLE

Question 2

What is it that plasma membranes contain which identify the cell, strengthen the membrane, and move substances in and out of the cell?

Answer 2

MEMBRANE PROTEINS

Question 3

What is the term, regarding the plasma membrane, which is defined as - it allows some substances to pass through, and not others?

Answer 3

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

Question 4

The plasma membrane is involved in _____________ between cells, and between cells and their environment.

Answer 4

COMMUNICATION

Question 5

The regulated fluid inside the cell is called?

Answer 5

INTRACELLULAR FLUID
aka
CYTOSOL

Question 6

What is the fluid outside the cell called?

Answer 6

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

Question 7

Interstitial fluid (between cells), plasma (in blood vessels), and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord are all examples of which type of fluid?

Answer 7

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

Question 8

Membrane proteins are attached inside or outside one side of the membrane or _________ _________ the membrane.

Answer 8

EMBEDDED WITHIN

Question 9

Embedded membrane proteins have selective __________ that approve/move molecules from one side of the membrane to the other.

Answer 9

CHANNELS

Question 10

Membrane proteins identify the cell, strengthen and support cell membranes and _________ with adjacent cell membranes.

Answer 10

CONNECT

Question 11

What is the name of the finger like projections of the plasma membrane, which function to increase surface area?

Answer 11

MICROVILLI

Question 12

The entirety of the contents of the cell (intracellular fluid/cytosol and organelles) is refferred to as what?

Answer 12

CYTOPLASM

Question 13

What are the 2 functions of the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

CELL METABOLISM
+
STORAGE

Question 14

Name the structure not considered part of the cytoplasm?

Answer 14

NUCLEUS

Question 15

Where does the formation of ATP (glycolosis) occur?

Answer 15

CYTOPLASM

Question 16

What is the network of protein filaments within the cytosol called?

Answer 16

CYTOSKELETON

Question 17

Name the 4 functions of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 17

1. PROVIDES A STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
2. SCAFFOLD FOR ORGANIZATION/PLACEMENT AND MOVEMENT OF CELL CONTENTS
3. FORCE TRANSMISSION
4. AIDS IN CELL MOVEMENT

Question 18

Name the 9 organelles.

HINT: N, R, ER, SER, GC, L, M, C, F

Answer 18

NUCLEUS
RIBOSOMES
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
GOLGI COMPLEX
LYSOSOME
MITOCHONDRIA
CILIA
FLAGELLA

Question 19

Name the rounded or elongated structure usually located near the centre of the cell?

Answer 19

NUCLEUS

pleural - NUCLEI

Question 20

The nucleus, the control centre of the cell, is responsible for which functions of the cell?

Answer 20

METABOLISM
\+
GROWTH
\+
REPRODUCTION

Question 21

Which organelle is present in all human cells except for red blood cells?

Answer 21

NUCLEUS

without nucleus, cells have short lives

Question 22

Which type of cell continually reproduces, without a nucleus?

Answer 22

RED BLOOD CELLS

Question 23

Which two organelle’s functions is protein synthesis?

Answer 23

RIBOSOMES
+
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 24

Which organelle processes, sorts, packages, and delivers molecules to the plasma membrane or around the cell?

Answer 24

GOLGI COMPLEX
aka
APPARATUS, BODY

Question 25

Which organelle breaks down substances that the cell has taken in, or normal parts of the cell which are damaged?

Answer 25

LYSOSOME

Question 26

Which organelle transforms organic compounds into energy (ATP) that is easily accessible to the cell?

Answer 26

MITOCHONDRIA singular - MITOCHONDRIUM

Question 27

What does the amount of mitochondria in a cell depend on?

Answer 27

CELLS PURPOSE

Question 28

Why do muscle cells have lots of mitochondria

Answer 28

VERY ACTIVE CELLS | need ATP

Question 29

Short, hair-like projections extending from the surface of the cell are known as?

Answer 29

CILIA singular - CILIUM

Question 30

Movement of the cilia causes steady movement of fluid/particles along the ______ ________.

Answer 30

CELL SURFACE

Question 31

TRUE or FALSE | Cilia are thinner, longer, and pointier than microvilli.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Which organelle is a tail similar to cilium but longer, which function to move the cell?

Answer 32

FLAGELLA (example sperm) singular - FLAGELLUM

Question 33

Energy substrates are anything the body uses to form _____.

Answer 33

Adenosine Triphosphate | ATP