The Cell Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is in the cell theory?
1) all living things are composed of one or more cells
2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of live
3) all cells come from preexisting cells
What do prokaryotic cells lack?
Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
A fluid, semi-permeable mosaic of lipid-bilayer embedded with proteins
Cell membrane
Cellular scaffolding
cytoskeleton
Composed of the cytosol and organelles
Cytoplasm
A specialized structure in the nucleus that functions in the synthesis of ribosomes
Nucleolus
Where proteins are processed for translation before being delivered to other parts of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth or Rough ER: functions in lipid and hormone synthesis
Smooth ER (Rough ER functions in protein synthesis)
Where proteins are synthesized by translation
Ribosomes
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
modify, store, and reroute products of ER
responsible for ATP synthesis
Mitochondria
Organelles that protect the cell
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes
What are other organelles only plants have?
Cell wall, chloroplast (w/ chlorophyll), and water vacuole
Consists only of genetic material and protein coat (capsid); replicates only in living cells
Viruses
Diffusion of water through semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis
Does water diffuse in or out of a cell in a hypertonic solution?
out (due to higher solute concentration)
What is the result of a hypotonic solution to cell?
Turgidity (plant) or lysis (animal)
What is facilitated diffusion?
when large molecules, polar molecules, and charged ions are moved with transport proteins
What is the result of a hypertonic solution to the cell?
shrinking/crenation (plant) or plasmolysis (animal)
Goes against concentration gradient and requires ATP
Active transport
Bulk transport where you move in to the cell
Endocytosis
Bulk transport where you move out of the cell
Exocytosis
What are the phases in the interphase?
G1, S, G2 (and sometimes G0)
What does the G1 phase ensure?
Cell is ready for DNA synthesis
