The Cell Cycle Flashcards
what is interphase?
the time during which a cell grows and duplicates most of its contents, preparation for cell division
what are the three phases of interphase?
growth phase 1, synthesis phase, growth phase 2
what happens during synthesis phase?
DNA is replicated
what happens during the growth phases?
non-DNA structures are duplicated
what is mitosis?
the division of the nucleus, when a single parent cell divides into two daughter cells
what are the phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (technically also cytokinesis)
what happens during prophase?
the uncoiled DNA in the nucleus condenses and forms visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope and nucleolus begin to disappear, spindle fibers form between centrioles
what happens during metaphase?
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell due to microtubule activities, centrioles replicate and move to either side of the cell
what happens during anaphase?
the centromeres are pulled apart by the centrioles, when the chromatids are separated they become individual chromosomes, the spindle fibers shorten and pull the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell
what happens during telophase?
this is the final stage of mitosis, the chromosomes are pulled towards the centrioles and begin to unwind, a new nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes
what happens during cytokinesis?
cytoplasm is separated, the cell divides
what cells do not divide by mitosis?
sperm cells, egg cells, and red blood cells
